Self-Care Instruments used in Indonesia: Scoping Review
Abstract
Self-care is essential in maintaining health, especially in chronic diseases. It is assessed using various instruments influenced by knowledge, motivation, ability, social support, and culture. In Indonesia, suboptimal self-care practices can adversely affect health and productivity. Identify and review instruments used in Indonesia to evaluate self-care, with a focus on the scope of self-care domains accommodated by each instrument and their suitability for the local cultural context and nursing practice. Articles were collected from three databases: ScienceDirect, PubMed, and EBSCOhost, using the main keywords "instrument" and "self-care". Inclusion criteria comprised articles published within the last five years (from 2020 to 2024) available in full text, written in English, and open access. The initial search yielded 818 articles. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 149 articles were selected for further screening, with 107 articles excluded due to issues such as incomplete texts, language barriers, or irrelevance to the topic. A total of 42 articles underwent in-depth review, resulting in the elimination of an additional 32 articles. Finally, 10 articles were included for analysis. A PRISMA flow diagram was used to map the article selection process systematically. A narrative analysis approach was employed to evaluate the characteristics of the self-care instruments, the scope of domains assessed, and their suitability within the cultural context of Indonesia. The final 10 selected articles demonstrated a variety of self-care instruments used across different studies in Indonesia. These instruments assessed various domains of self-care, including physical, psychological, social, and behavioral aspects. Self-care instruments in Indonesia have been widely used to evaluate self-care behaviors that meet the needs of patients. These instruments cover interrelated physical, psychological, social, and behavioral domains. Findings confirm the importance of a comprehensive understanding and integrated approach to support effective nursing care, prevent complications, and improve patient well-being.
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