Analysis of Risk Factors for Pulmonary Function Disorders among Workers at PT X Coal Division, East Kalimantan
Abstract
Pulmonary function impairment remains a critical occupational health issue among coal industry workers due to prolonged exposure to airborne pollutants. Despite the implementation of occupational health regulations, respiratory disorders continue to be prevalent, leading to decreased work capacity and increased health risks. Identifying key risk factors is essential to developing targeted preventive measures. Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between occupational risk factors and pulmonary function impairment among workers at PT X Coal Division, East Kalimantan. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 183 coal division workers selected through cluster random sampling. Data were obtained through structured questionnaires, spirometry tests, and workplace dust level measurements. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the most influential factors associated with pulmonary function impairment. The analysis identified significant associations between pulmonary function impairment and a history of other diseases (p = 0.001; OR = 11.709; 95% CI: 2.901–47.257), work tenure of ≥3 years (p = 0.032; OR = 3.319; 95% CI: 1.109–9.934), heavy physical workload (p = 0.036; OR = 2.807; 95% CI: 1.071–7.361), and inadequate personal protective equipment (PPE) usage (p = 0.015; OR = 2.566; 95% CI: 1.205–5.463). Other factors such as age, body mass index (BMI), work location, dust exposure, exercise habits, and smoking were not significantly associated with pulmonary function impairment. Work-related exposures and individual health conditions play a crucial role in pulmonary function impairment among coal workers. Strengthening workplace safety measures, enforcing PPE compliance, and implementing regular health screenings are necessary to mitigate respiratory risks. Ensuring a safer work environment through targeted preventive strategies is essential for protecting workers from long-term pulmonary complications while enhancing occupational health policies in the coal industry.
References
Adiratna dkk. (2022). Profil Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Nasional Indonesia Tahun 2022. Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia .
Akbar, K. A., & Kallawicha, K. (2024). Black Lung Disease Among Coal Miners in Asia: A Systematic Review. In Safety and Health at Work (Vol. 15, Issue 2, pp. 123–128). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2024.01.005
Arum Sari, J., Astuti, R., & Bima Prasetio, D. (2020). Kapasitas Vital Paru pada Pekerja Tambal Ban Pinggir Jalan Info Artikel. https://doi.org/10.15294/higeia/v4i2/32604
Azafilmi Hakiim. (2018). Analisis Beban Kerja Fisik dan Mental Menggunakan CVL dan NASA-TLX Pada Divisi Produksi PT X. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknik:Barometer, 2. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35261/barometer.v3i2.1396
Beyene Gebrezgiabher, B., Tetemke, D., & Yetum, T. (2019). Awareness of Occupational Hazards and Utilization of Safety Measures among Welders in Aksum and Adwa Towns, Tigray Region, Ethiopia, 2013. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4174085
Bratandhary, V. P., & Azizah, R. (2022). LITERATURE REVIEW : FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN GANGGUAN FUNGSI PARU PEKERJA INDUSTRI MEBEL. IKESMA, 18(1), 36. https://doi.org/10.19184/ikesma.v18i1.25100
Chen, L., Li, H., Zhao, L., Tian, F., Tian, S., & Shao, J. (2022). The effect of job satisfaction regulating workload on miners’ unsafe state. Scientific Reports, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-20673-y
Collaud, S., Touilloux, B., von Garnier, C., Marques-Vidal, P., & Kraege, V. (2024). Physical activity and lung function association in a healthy community-dwelling European population. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 24(1), 169. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-024-02979-x
Dwijaningtyas, S., Widowati, E., Pranoto, Saputra, J., & Wintara, J. A. (2023). Analysis of the Obedience of Personal Protective Equipment Usage to Prevent Occupational Disease among Cosmetic Workers. Kemas, 19(2), 278–286. https://doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v19i2.43861
Emilia Sentosa. (2022). Analisis Risiko Gangguan Fungsi Paru Akibat Paparan Debu PM10 Pada Pekerja Mebel Kayu. Jurnal Sanitasi Lingkungan, 2(1).
Erana, F. G., & Kebede, Z. (2019). Dust exposure associations with lung function among ethiopian steel workers. Annals of Global Health, 85(1). https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.2422
Geddes, D. (2023). The history of respiratory disease management.
Helmalia. (2024). Pengaruh Paparan Debu Dan Karakteristik Individu Terhadap Kapasitas Paru Pada Tenaga Kerja Di Unit Produksi Di Pt. Industri Kapal Indonesia (Persero). Tesis Magister Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat.
Kamanzi, C., Becker, M., Jacobs, M., Konečný, P., Von Holdt, J., & Broadhurst, J. (2023). The impact of coal mine dust characteristics on pathways to respiratory harm: investigating the pneumoconiotic potency of coals. In Environmental Geochemistry and Health (Vol. 45, Issue 10, pp. 7363–7388). Springer Science and Business Media B.V. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-023-01583-y
Mayang, Ancah, & Hadi. (2020). Pengaruh masa kerja, lama paparan terhadap gejala fungsi paru pada pekerja garment UD. Surabaya Kabupaten Jember. Multidisciplinary Journal, 3, 1–15. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/multijournal.v3i1.23681
Nurul Fatmasari Gaffar. (2021). GAMBARAN KADAR DEBU DI LINGKUNGAN PABRIK KAPUR ANTANG KOTA MAKASSAR. Window of Public Health Journal, 2(3), 503–511. http://jurnal.fkm.umi.ac.id/index.php/woph/article/view/woph2115
Pramesti, & Sutiari. (2021). Determinan Gangguan Kapasitas Fungsi Paru-Paru Pada Perajin Batu Bata Merah di Kabupaten Badung. Arc. Com. Health, 8, 16–28.
Putri, N. S. (2020). LITERATURE REVIEW: COAL DUST EXPOSURE AND PULMONARY PHYSIOLOGY STATUS. In Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan (Vol. 12, Issue 4, pp. 292–301). Airlangga University Faculty of Public Health. https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v12i4.2020.292-301
Rathod, M. B., Budensab, A., Bhalla, S., Mahesh, N. K., Alex, E., & Jesudas, M. (2024). Spirometric Assessment of Pulmonary Function Tests in Asthma Patients. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.54979
Shi, R., Meacham, S., Davis, G. C., You, W., Sun, Y., & Goessl, C. (2019). Factors influencing high respiratory mortality in coal-mining counties: A repeated cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7858-y
Surya, Indi Esha, Faisal Yubus, Adrianison, Azizman Saad, & Ridha Restilla. (2021). Faktor Risiko yang Mempengaruhi Keluhan Respirasi dan Gangguan Fungsi Paru Pekerja Pabrik Kelapa Sawit PT. X di Kecamatan Kandis. J Respir Indo, 41(3)(1), 180–186.
Suryadinata, R. V., & Lorensa, A. (2023). Studi Risiko Gangguan Fungsi Paru Terhadap Perokok Di Kalangan Remaja. Indonesian Journal of Professional Nursing, 4(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.30587/ijpn.v4i1.5489
Tang, Y., Zhang, L., Zhu, S., Shen, M., Cheng, M., & Peng, F. (2024). Associations between different body mass index and lung function impairment in Chinese people aged over 40 years: a multicenter cross-sectional study. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-024-02844-x
Tomášková, H., Horáček, J., Šlachtová, H., Šplíchalová, A., Riedlová, P., Dalecká, A., Jirák, Z., & Mad’ar, R. (2022). Analysis of Histopathological Findings of Lung Carcinoma in Czech Black Coal Miners in Association with Coal Workers’ Pneumoconiosis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020710
Utomo, S. W., Ni’mah, Z., & Asyary, A. (2021). The correlation of limestone dust exposure to lung function impairment in limestone mining’s workers, centre Java, Indonesia. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 9, 265–272. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.5796
Widiyaristi, D., Sunarsih, E., Flora, R., Windusari, Y., Zulkarnain, M., & Kesehatan Masyarakat, F. (2023). RISK FACTORS AFFECTING PULMONARY DISORDERS OF WORKERS IN INDONESIA: LITERATURE REVIEW 2017-2022. https://doi.org/10.26553/jikm.2023.14.3.263.
Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
