Educational Intervention to Reduce Stigma Toward Person with Severe Mental Illness (SMI): A Scoping Review
Abstract
Stigma against individuals with mental health disorders remains a significant barrier to recovery, exacerbating patient conditions, fostering social discrimination, and limiting access to adequate healthcare services. Objective: This study aims to identify effective education-based interventions to reduce societal stigma toward individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) through a literature review. Method: A scoping review was conducted by searching literature in Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, and Science Direct. Included studies (2019–2024) explored educational interventions to reduce mental health stigma. Excluded were incomplete, duplicate, review, and retracted articles Results: Of the 2,277 identified articles, eight studies met the criteria for further analysis. Findings indicate that educational methods, such as conventional psychoeducation, case studies, problem-based learning (PBL), and contact-based education, effectively reduce stigma against individuals with SMI. All interventions focused on improving mental health knowledge. Educational strategies varied based on target audiences, delivered through offline approaches (lectures, case studies, PBL) and online methods (educational videos). Combining online and offline approaches further enhanced knowledge and attitudes toward individuals with SMI. Conclusions: Several educational strategies have been developed to address stigma, whether through online education, face-to-face offline interactions, contact with individuals with mental illnesses, or a combination of these methods. By implementing the right educational methods, stigma toward individuals with (SMI) can be addressed across various target groups.
References
Amsalem, D., Yang, L. H., Jankowski, S., Lieff, S. A., Markowitz, J. C., & Dixon, L. B. (2021). Reducing Stigma Toward Individuals With Schizophrenia Using a Brief Video: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Young Adults. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 47(1), 7–14. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa114
Arai, Y., Okanishi, T., Nakamura, Y., Ohta, K., Ueki, M., Kuramochi, I., & Maegaki, Y. (2025). Impact of problem-based learning on stigma toward epilepsy among medical students: An intervention verification study. Epilepsy and Behavior, 163(October 2024), 110200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.110200
Ardiyani, I. D. M. (2019). Intervensi untuk Mengurangi Stigma pada Penderita Skizofrenia. Jurnal Psikiatri Surabaya.
Arksey, H., & O’Malley, L. (2005). Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology: Theory and Practice, 8(1), 19–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616
Bahrami, R., & Khalifi, T. (2022). The Effect of Psycho-education on the Affiliate Stigma in Family Caregivers of People with Bipolar Disorder. SAGE Open Nursing, 8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608221132166
Brown, S. (2020). The Effectiveness of Two Potential Mass Media Interventions on Stigma: Video-Recorded Social Contact and Audio/Visual Simulations. Community Mental Health Journal, 56(3), 471–477. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-019-00503-8
Cerully, J. L., Collins, R. L., Wong, E., Seelam, R., & Yu, J. (2018). Differential response to contact-based stigma reduction programs: Perceived quality and personal experience matter. Psychiatry Research, 259(October 2017), 302–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.10.027
Ellin, M. R., Ramoo, V., Yahaya, N. A., & Pin, T. M. (2023). Association between Affiliate Stigma and Psychological Well-being among Caregivers of Patients with Dementia: A Quantitative Report. Malaysian Journal of Nursing, 14(4), 132–141. https://doi.org/10.31674/MJN.2023.V14I04.014
Febriyona, R., Rengkung, R., Studi, P., Keperawatan, I., Gorontalo, U. M., Studi, P., Keperawatan, I., Gorontalo, U. M., Studi, P., Keperawatan, I., & Gorontalo, U. M. (2023). STIGMA MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PENDERITA GANGGUAN JIWA DI COMMUNITY STIGMA AGAINST PEOPLE WITH MENTAL DISORDERS IN THE. 1(3), 1–12.
Fitriani, N., & Suryadi, I. (2018). A REVIEW STUDY ON ONLINE PSYCHO-EDUCATION FOR THE BIPOLAR DISORDER PATIENT AND THEIR CAREGIVERS Nurlaila. Humanities and Social Science Reviews, 6(2), 84–89. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2018.6210
Henderson, C., Ouali, U., Bakolis, I., Berbeche, N., Bhattarai, K., Brohan, E., Cherian, A., Girma, E., Gronholm, P. C., Gurung, D., Hanlon, C., Kallakuri, S., Kaur, A., Ketema, B., Lempp, H., Li, J., Loganathan, S., Maulik, P. K., Mendon, G., … Thornicroft, G. (2022). Training for mental health professionals in responding to experienced and anticipated mental health-related discrimination (READ-MH): protocol for an international multisite feasibility study. Pilot and Feasibility Studies, 8(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40814-022-01208-8
Hu, Y.-L., Chang, C.-C., Lee, C.-H., Liu, C.-H., Chen, Y.-J., Su, J.-A., Lin, C.-Y., & Griffiths, M. D. (2023). Associations between Affiliate Stigma and Quality of Life among Caregivers of Individuals with Dementia: Mediated Roles of Caregiving Burden and Psychological Distress. Asian Journal of Social Health and Behavior, 6(2), 64–71. https://doi.org/10.4103/SHB.SHB
Ibarluzea, A. U., Orbea, J. M. M., Iriarte, A. A., González, G. M., & Alonso, L. F. (2018). Categorisation of the interventions of facilitating tutors on PBL and their relationship with students’ response. Profesorado, 22(4), 153–170. https://doi.org/10.30827/profesorado.v22i4.8403
Kohlenberg, B. (2016). Stigma and medicine. Problem-Based Behavioral Science and Psychiatry: Second Edition, 229–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23669-8_13
Morgan, A. J., Reavley, N. J., Ross, A., Too, L. S., & Jorm, A. F. (2018). Interventions to reduce stigma towards people with severe mental illness: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 103(May), 120–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.05.017
Ozamiz-Etxebarria, N., García, S. R. de A., Gorrotxategi, M. P., & Cornelius-White, J. H. D. (2022). Reducing Stigma Towards Mental Disorder in Social Education Students Through Case Studies and Problem-Based Learning. Behavioral Psychology/ Psicologia Conductual, 30(2), 465–481. https://doi.org/10.51668/bp.8322208n
Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2008). How does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? Meta-analytic tests of three mediators. European Journal of Social Psychology Eur., 38, 922–934. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp
Rahayu, H., & Nugraha, E. (2024). Stigma Masyarakat Terhadap Pasien Orang dengan Gangguan Jiwa di Wilayah Kerja UPT Puskesmas Pasawahan Kota Bandung : Implikasi Konseling Psikososial. 14(1), 19–32.
Sahputri, E., Miswarti, & Ramaita. (2024). Asuhan Keperawatan Jiwa pada Ny. Y dengan Resiko Perilaku Kekerasan di Wisma Melati Rumah Sakit Jiwa Prof. HB Saanin Padang Tahun 2024. 3(1), 95–99.
Sevak, R. J., Chandler, C., Lui, M. C., Kaye, A. M., Halliwell, R. F., & Rogan, E. L. (2023). Impact of a Neuropsychiatric Therapeutics Course and a Case-Based Course on Pharmacy Students’ Mental Health Stigma. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 87(9), 100125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpe.2023.100125
Soebiantoro, J. (2017). Pengaruh Edukasi Kesehatan Mental Intensif Terhadap Stigma Pada Pengguna Layanan Kesehatan Mental. Jurnal Psikologi dan Kesehatan Mental VOL 2.
Thornicroft, G., Mehta, N., Clement, S., Evans-Lacko, S., Doherty, M., Rose, D., Koschorke, M., Shidhaye, R., O’Reilly, C., & Henderson, C. (2016). Evidence for effective interventions to reduce mental-health-related stigma and discrimination. The Lancet, 387(10023), 1123–1132. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00298-6
Waqas, A., Malik, S., Fida, A., Abbas, N., Mian, N., Miryala, S., Amray, A. N., Shah, Z., & Naveed, S. (2020). Interventions to Reduce Stigma Related to Mental Illnesses in Educational Institutes: a Systematic Review. The Psychiatric Quarterly, 91(3), 887–903. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-020-09751-4
Whitley, R., Sitter, K. C., Adamson, G., & Carmichael, V. (2020). Can participatory video reduce mental illness stigma? Results from a Canadian action-research study of feasibility and impact. BMC Psychiatry, 20, 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-2429-4
Wong, E. C., Collins, R. L., Cerully, J. L., Yu, J. W., & Seelam, R. (2018). Effects of contact-based mental illness stigma reduction programs: age, gender, and Asian, Latino, and White American differences. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 53(3), 299–308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-017-1459-9
Zhang, W., Henderson, C., Magnusdottir, E., Chen, W., Ma, N., Ma, H., & Thornicroft, G. (2022). Effect of a contact-based education intervention on reducing stigma among community health and care staff in Beijing, China: Pilot randomized controlled study. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 73, 103096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103096
Zonoobi, M., Tabatabaee, M., & Amini, H. (2024). The effects of an educational intervention on reducing stigma among medical students toward patients with psychiatric disorders. BMC Medical Education, 24(1), 1216. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-06189-1
Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
