Description of Blood Lead Levels with Uric Acid Concentration Regarding Smoking and Period Time Habits of Exposure Batik Industry Workers

  • Dela Shalsha Elisa Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan National
  • Fadila Dian Permatasari Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan National
  • Octavia Sella Dwi Permatasari Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan National
  • Tri Harningsih Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan National
Keywords: blood, cigarettes, exposure, workers, uric acid

Abstract

The use of heavy metals as a mixture in the batik production process is still ongoing today. Increased concentrations of heavy metals cause accumulation in workers' bodies. Lead exposure and poisoning has now become a global concern in the environmental field. Environmental and behavioral factors, especially in terms of smoking habits, are supported by the length of time exposure to pollutants each day. Blood lead levels are a risk factor for gout. This research was conducted with the aim of providing an overview of lead levels and uric acid levels in workers at the Batik Home Industry in Banaran Village based on smoking habits and length of time exposure to pollutants each day. The examination was carried out at the Yogyakarta City Health and Calibration Laboratory Center (BLKK). The research method used was descriptive of workers blood samples. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Samples are selected based on predetermined criteria. Samples were analyzed using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results of research on 24 respondents showed that the lowest lead level was 0,030 μg/dL and the highest was 4,896 μg/dL. The lowest range of uric acid levels is 4,0 mg/dL and the highest is 11,8 mg/dL. The average period of time that workers are exposed to pollutants is 8 hours/day and there are 11 respondents who have a smoking habit. Based on these results, it is stated that every worker has lead levels in their blood but it does not cause toxic effects.

References

Agustiningsih, D., Sofyana, M., Budiharjo, S., Febriana, S. A., Nurokhmanti, H., Suhartini, S., Priyambodo, D. Y., Nugrahaningsih, D. A. A., Roto, R., & Wibowo, R. A. (2021). Reaction Times among Batik Workers: The Influence of Gender and Occupational Lead Exposure. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(23), 12605.

Apriyani, N. (2018). Industri batik: kandungan limbah cair dan metode pengolahannya. Media Ilmiah Teknik Lingkungan (MITL), 3(1), 21-29.

Ardillah, Y. (2016). Risk Factors Of Blood Lead Level. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, 7(3), 150–155.

Artinawati, S. (2014). Asuhan Keperawatan Gerontik. Jakarta : In Media.

Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2011). NIOSH Safety and Health Topic: Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance (ABLES). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Choi, H. K., & Curhan, G. (2005). Gout Epidemilogy and Lifestyle Choice. Curr Opin Rheumatol, 17(3), 341–345.

Fitri, M. (2021). Hubungan Kadar Timbal (Pb) Dalam Darah Dengan Kejadian Hipertensi pada Operator SPBU Di Aceh Barat. Skripsi. Jurusan Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Teuku Umar Meulaboh.

Harningsih, T., & Wimpy, W. (2020). Penentuan Kadar Timbal Dalam Darah Operator Spbu Di Kota Karanganyar Berdasarkan Kebiasaan Merokok. Jurnal Surya Medika, 6(1), 57–62.

Hasan, W., Matondang, A. R., Syahrin, A., & Wahyuni, C. U. (2013). Pengaruh jenis kelamin dan kebiasaan merokok terhadap kadar timbal darah. Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional (National Public Health Journal), 164–168.

Herawati, M. H. (2010). Bahan Yang Mengandung Zat Adiktif Pada Produk Rokok Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Kesehatan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Xix “Kimia Dalam Industri Dan Lingkungan,” February, 639–646.

Huwaida, T. A., Rahardjo, M., & Setiani, O. (2016). Faktor-Faktor Risiko Yang Berhubungan Pada Pekerja Di Perusahaan Rokok Wido Di Kabupaten Kudus. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (E-Journal), 4(3), 911–920.

Jaishankar, M., Tseten, T., Anbalagan, N., Mathew, B. B., & Beeregowda, K. N. (2014). Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals. In Interdisciplinary Toxicology (Vol. 7, Issue 2, pp. 60–72). Slovak Toxicology Society.

Juliani, A. (2021). Heavy Metal Characteristics Of Wastewater From Batik Industry In Yogyakarta Area, Indonesia. International Journal of Geomate, 20(80).

Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 1406/MENKES/SK/XII/2002. (2002). Standar Pemeriksaan Kadar Timah Hitam Pada Spesimen Biomarker Manusia.

Kit Insert Strip Uji Asam Urat EasyTouch. (2023). Tes Strip Asam Urat dalam darah. Jakarta : PT Daya Agung Mandiri .

Komarawidjaja, W. (2017). Paparan Limbah Cair Industri Mengandung Logam Berat pada Lahan Sawah di Desa Jelegong, Kecamatan Rancaekek, Kabupaten Bandung. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan, 18(2).

Kussoy, V. F. M., Rina, K., & Ferdinand, W. (2019). Kebiasaan Makan Makanan Tinggi Purin Dengan Kadar Asam Urat di Puskesmas. Journal Keperawatan (J-Kp), 7(2), 1–7.

Lestari, S. D. (2012). Mengenal Aneka Batik. PT Balai Pustaka (Persero).

Lestari, V. D., Setiani, O., & Dewanti, N. A. Y. (2017). Perbedaan Kadar Timbal (Pb) dalam Darah Berdasarkan Jenis Pekerjaan pada Pekerja Industri Pengecoran Logam di CV. Bonjor Jaya, Ceper, Klaten. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 3(3), 819–831.

Mahachandra, M., Rumita, R., & Aisyah, W. N. (2022). Analisis Lingkungan Kerja Pengrajin Batik Tulis Pada Pekerja Tetap Dan Pekerja Borong Lepas Di Desa Wisata Jarum. Jurnal Teknik Industri, 17(3), 212–218.

Mubarak, A. N., & Zulmah, A. (2022). Hubungan Konsumsi Makanan yang Mengandung Purin dengan Kadar Asam Urat : Literature Review. Borneo Student Research, 3(3), 2659–2663.

Murniati, T., & Muljadi, M. (2013). Pengolahan Limbah Batik Cetak Dengan Menggunakan Metode Filtrasi - Elektrolisis Untuk Menentukan Efisiensi Penurunan Parameter COD, BOD, Dan Logam Berat (Cr) Setelah Perlakuan Fisika-Kimia. Ekuilibrium, 12(1), 27-36.

Nasir, M. (2020). Spektrometri Serapan Atom. Syiah Kuala University.

Ningsih, S. W. (2014). Gambaran Asupan Purin, Penyakit Arthritis Gout Di Kecamatan Tumalanrea. 5, 99.

Oginawati, K., Suharyanto, Susetyo, S. H., Sulung, G., Muhayatun, Chazanah, N., Dewi Kusumah, S. W., & Fahimah, N. (2022). Investigation of dermal exposure to heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Al, Fe and Pb) in traditional batik industry workers. Heliyon,8(2),e08914.

Perdana, D. C. (2014). 46 Years Old Woman With Gouty Arthritis, High Purin Intake and Work as a Servant. Jurnal Medula Unila, 3(1), 15–22.

Pratiwi, A. E. (2023). Literature Review: Analisis Kualitas Udara dan Biomonitoring Tanaman sebagai Indikator Pencemaran Logam Berat di Sekitar Pabrik Industri (Vol. 1, Issue 2).

Primasanti, Y., & Indriastiningsih, E. (2021). Analisis Dampak Pencemaran Udara Pt Delta Dunia Textile Terhadap Kondisi Masyarakat. Ilmu Kepetawatan, 14, 20–29

Purwati, P., Harningsih, T., & Saroh, D. (2023). Gambaran Kadar Timbal pada Pekerja Pewarna Batik di Laweyan. Jurnal Farmasetis, 12(2), 179–186.

Pusparini, D. A., Setiani, O., & Darundiati, Y. H. (2016). Hubungan Masa Kerja dan Lama Kerja dengan Kadar Timbal (Pb) dalam Darah Pada Bagian Pengecatan, Industri Karoseri Semarang. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 4(3), 758-766.

Restuaji, I. M., & Kusuma, K. I. M. (2023). Hubungan Lama Merokok Terhadap Kadar Timbal Perokok Aktif di Desa Kwagean, Nganjuk. Jurnal Sintesis: Penelitian Sains, Terapan Dan Analisisnya, 3(2), 85–89. https://doi.org/10.56399/jst.v3i2.55

Riswana, I., & Nunung, S. M. (2022). Faktor Risiko yang Mempengaruhi Kadar Asam Urat Penderita Hiperurisemia di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Muara Satu Kota Lhokseumawe. Darussalam Nutrition Journal , 6(1), 29–36.

Sari, F. E. A. P. Dan C. K. R. (2021). Pemeriksaan Kadar Timbal Pada Spesimen Rambut, Urin, Dan Darah Petugas Sampah Tps 3r Sutorejo. Jurnal Analis Kesehatan Sains, 10(1), 31–35.

SNI 6989.8:2004. (2004). Air dan air limbah – Bagian 8: Cara Uji Timbal (Pb) secara Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom (SSA) –nyala. Badan Standarisasi Nasional. Bandung.

SNI 6992.3:2004. (2004). Sedimen – Bagian 3: Cara Uji Timbal (Pb) secara destruksi asam Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom (SSA) – nyala. Badan Standarisasi Nasional. Bandung.

SNI 6989.8:2009. (2009). Air dan air limbah – Bagian 8: Cara Uji Timbal (Pb) secara Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom (SSA) – nyala. Badan Standarisasi Nasional. Bandung.

Published
2024-05-05
How to Cite
Elisa, D. S., Permatasari, F. D., Permatasari, O. S. D., & Harningsih, T. (2024). Description of Blood Lead Levels with Uric Acid Concentration Regarding Smoking and Period Time Habits of Exposure Batik Industry Workers. Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research, 6(5), 2301-2308. https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v6i5.3260