Spatial Patterns and Low Education Associated with Early Marriage
Abstract
The incidence of early marriage in Muaro Jambi Regency has increased. No studies have been done on the distribution pattern and the relationship between education level and early marriage in Muaro Jambi Regency. This study aimed to identify the hotspots and low spots of early marriage, and the relationship between low education level with early marriage in Muaro Jambi regency in 2021. Global and Local Analysis Moran Index is used in this study to map hotspots and low spots for early marriage. Spatial regression is used to determine the relationship between education level and cases of early marriage. This study used an ecological study approach with the unit of analysis of 155 villages in Muaro Jambi Regency. Data on early marriage was obtained from the Mauro Jambi Regency Health and Family Planning Agency (BKKBN) report. The percentage of early marriage in Muaro Jambi Regency is 22.49%. This study found a positive autocorrelation of early marriage in 14 villages that fall into the hotspots area and 11 villages that fall into the low spots area. Using the SAR model, this study also found a relationship between education level and early marriage in Muaro Jambi Regency.
References
A’izah, F. (2021). Faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya pernikahan usia muda pada remaja di kelurahan simpang IV sipin kota Jambi (Studi Kasus). https://repository.unja.ac.id/27994/%0Ahttps://repository.unja.ac.id/27994/5/Bab 1.pdf
Adedokun, O., Adeyemi, O., & Dauda, C. (2016). Child marriage and maternal health risks among young mothers in Gombi, Adamawa State, Nigeria: implications for mortality, entitlements and freedoms. African Health Sciences, 16(4), 986. https://doi.org/10.4314/AHS.V16I4.15
Alem, A. Z., Yeshaw, Y., Kebede, S. A., Liyew, A. M., Tesema, G. A., Agegnehu, C. D., & Teshale, A. B. (2020a). Spatial Distribution and Determinants of Early Marriage among Married Women in Ethiopia: A spatial and Multilevel Analysis. BMC Women’s Health, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/S12905-020-01070-X
Alem, A. Z., Yeshaw, Y., Kebede, S. A., Liyew, A. M., Tesema, G. A., Agegnehu, C. D., & Teshale, A. B. (2020b). Spatial Distribution and Determinants of Early Marriage among Married Women in Ethiopia: A spatial and Multilevel Analysis. BMC Women’s Health, 20(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12905-020-01070-X/TABLES/2
Arikhman, N., Meva Efendi, T., & Eka Putri, G. (2019). Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pernikahan Usia Dini di Desa Baru Kabupaten Kerinci. Jurnal Endurance, 4(3), 470. https://doi.org/10.22216/JEN.V4I3.4614
Aychiluhm, S. B., Tesema, A. K., & Tadesse, A. W. (2021). Early Marriage and Its Determinants among Married Reproductive Age Group Women in Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia: A Multilevel Analysis. BioMed Research International, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1969721
Bappenas. (2019). Perkawinan Anak Masuk Kategori Darurat, Bappenas Susun Stranas Upaya Pencegahan Bersama | Kementerian PPN/Bappenas.
Bengesai, A. V., Amusa, L. B., & Makonye, F. (2021). The impact of girl child marriage on the completion of the first cycle of secondary education in Zimbabwe: A propensity score analysis. PLoS ONE, 16(6). https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0252413
Bolarinwa, O. A., Seidu, A.-A., Tessema, Z. T., Adu, C., Oyeleye, O. J., & Ahinkorah, B. O. (2022). Spatial distribution and multilevel analysis of factors associated with child marriage in Nigeria. International Health. https://doi.org/10.1093/INTHEALTH/IHAC030
BPS. (2021). Kabupaten Muaro Jambi Dalam Angka 2021.
Cousins, S. (2020). 2·5 million more child marriages due to COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet (London, England), 396(10257), 1059. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32112-7
Elnakib, S., Elsallab, M., Wanis, M. A., Elshiwy, S., Krishnapalan, N. P., & Naja, N. A. (2022). Understanding the impacts of child marriage on the health and well-being of adolescent girls and young women residing in urban areas in Egypt. Reproductive Health, 19(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12978-021-01315-4/TABLES/3
Hamed, A. F., & Yousef, F. M. A. (2017). Prevalence, health and social hazards, and attitude toward early marriage in ever-married women, Sohag, Upper Egypt. Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, 92(4), 228–234. https://doi.org/10.21608/EPX.2018.22044
Harruma, I. (2022). Kasus Pernikahan Dini di Indonesia.
Herlinda, S. (2021). Efforts To Protect Adolescents in Early Marriage Through the Generation Planning Program Maslahah Mursalah Najamuddin Al …. Al-’Adalah: Jurnal Syariah Dan Hukum Islam, 6(1), 164–184.
Johnson, F. A., Abu, M., & Utazi, C. E. (2019). Geospatial correlates of early marriage and union formation in Ghana. PLoS ONE, 14(10). https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0223296
Kementrian Hukum dan HAM RI. (2019). UU No. 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan.
Lessler, J., Azman, A. S., McKay, H. S., & Moore, S. M. (2017). What is a Hotspot Anyway? The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 96(6), 1270. https://doi.org/10.4269/AJTMH.16-0427
Monoarfa, S. (2020). Strategi Nasional Pencegahan Perkawinan Anak UNICEF. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 53(9).
Muzakkir. (2022). Angka Nikah Dini di Muaro Jambi Meningkat - Tribunjambi.com.
Pranita, E. (2021). Peringkat ke-2 di ASEAN, Begini Situasi Perkawinan Anak di Indonesia Halaman all - Kompas.com.
Rahmatan, M., Uyun, Q., Pratama, M. R., & Sani, N. (2022). Tradisi Menikah Muda di Kec . Bathin III Ulu , Kab . Bungo , Prov . 4, 279–286. https://doi.org/10.37680/almanhaj.v4i1.1891
Sabbe, A., Oulami, H., Zekraoui, W., Hikmat, H., Temmerman, M., & Leye, E. (2013). Determinants of child and forced marriage in Morocco: Stakeholder perspectives on health, policies and human rights. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-698X-13-43
Salsavira, S., Afifah, J., Mahendra, F. T., & Dzakiyah, L. (2021). Spatial Analysis of Prevalence of Early Marriage and HDI in Indonesia. Jurnal Matematika, Statistika Dan Komputasi, 18(1), 31–41. https://doi.org/10.20956/j.v18i1.13975
Santhya, K. G., Ram, U., Acharya, R., Jejeebhoy, S. J., Ram, F., & Singh, A. (2010). Associations between early marriage and young women’s marital and reproductive health outcomes: Evidence from India. International Family Planning Perspectives, 36(3), 132–139. https://doi.org/10.1363/3613210
Saputra, E. (2022). Angka Pernikahan Dini di Jambi Masih Tinggi, 859 Orang Sepanjang 2021 - Jambiseru.com.
Tessema, Z. T. (2020). Spatial distribution and associated factors’ of early marriage among reproductive age women in Ethiopia: a secondary data analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016. BMC Women’s Health, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/S12905-020-01103-5
Viya, N. M. (2014). Motivasi Wanita Menikah Muda Studi Kasus : Pada Wanita yang Melakukan Pernikahan Usia Muda di Dusun Tanjung Agung Kecamatan Muko-Muko Bhatin VII Kabupaten Bungo Provinsi Jambi).
Waters, N. (2017). Tobler’s First Law of Geography. International Encyclopedia of Geography: People, the Earth, Environment and Technology, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118786352.WBIEG1011
WHO. (2013). Child marriages-39 000 every day: More than 140 million girls will marry between 2011 and 2020.
Yuan, R., Ardi, M., & S, S. (2020). Pernikahan Dini Dan Pengetahuan Masyarakat Terhadap Kesehatan Reproduksi Di Kecamatan Sekernan Kabupaten Muaro Jambi. Jurnal Khazanah Intelektual, 2(3), 324–332. https://doi.org/10.37250/newkiki.v2i3.31.



