Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kadar Hemoglobin pada Wanita Prakonsepsi: Studi Kasus Kontrol
Abstract
Kesehatan wanita pada masa prakonsepsi merupakan langkah untuk melindungi kesehatan ibu dan anak yang mungkin terjadi di kemudian hari. Pemeriksaan hemoglobin sebelum kehamilan dilakukan untuk menghindari anemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar hemoglobin pada wanita prakonsepsi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional dengan rancangan studi kasus-kontrol yang melibatkan 118 calon pengantin prakonsepsi dan dilaksanakan di Kantor Urusan Agama Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia, pada bulan Juli 2022. Sampel penelitian diklasifikasikan menjadi kelompok kadar hemoglobin rendah (59 responden) dan kelompok kadar hemoglobin normal (59 responden). Sampel dipilih secara purposive sampling sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan lembar kuesioner, food recall 24 jam dan hasil sampel darah kapiler. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa usia, pendidikan, status gizi, dan status ekonomi berkorelasi signifikan dengan kadar hemoglobin pada wanita prakonsepsi (P < 0,05). Pada regresi logistik, faktor yang berhubungan dengan hemoglobin adalah usia (OR 13,162), status gizi (OR 11,416), dan pendidikan (OR 0,018). Usia, pendidikan, status gizi, dan status ekonomi dapat memengaruhi kadar hemoglobin pada wanita prakonsepsi. Usia dan status gizi merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh.
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