How Effective Diabetic Foot Care is in Preventing Ulcers: Literature Review
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers are a serious complication of diabetes that can lead to severe infections and even amputation. Proper foot care is a key prevention strategy, although the effectiveness of interventions varies in practice. Objective: This study analyzes the effectiveness of foot care interventions in preventing ulcers in diabetic patients through a systematic literature review. A Systematic Literature Review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and the PICO approach (Population: type II diabetes patients; Intervention: foot care interventions; Comparison: standard education or no specific intervention; Outcome: prevention of foot ulcers). Article searches were conducted using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases from 2020 to 2025 using the keywords: diabetic foot care, foot ulcer prevention, and foot care education. The initial search yielded 268 articles, comprising 212 articles from Google Scholar and 56 articles from PubMed. Further screening was conducted by reading the titles and abstracts, removing duplicates and irrelevant articles, leaving 98 articles. During the eligibility stage, the full texts were thoroughly read and selected based on the established criteria, ultimately yielding 10 articles that met the criteria for further analysis. The methodological quality of the articles was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Tools. A review of 10 articles showed that various interventions, including behavior-based education and technology models, were effective in improving foot care and significantly reducing the risk of ulcers (p < 0.05) across all studies.
References
Faswita, W., & Herawati, L. (2022). Foot Care in Preventing Diabetic Ulcers in Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Tanah Tinggi Health Center. ABDIMAS TALENTA: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 7(1), 268–273. https://doi.org/10.32734/abdimastalenta.v7i1.6790
Hidayat, R., Soewondo, P., & Irawaty, D. (2022). Pengaruh Edukasi dan Perawatan Kaki terhadap Pencegahan Luka Kaki Diabetik. Malahayati Nursing Journal, 4(8), 2147–2162. https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v4i8.7113
Jamaluddin, A., & Wahdaniah, W. (2024). DSFC Education on Knowledge And Attitude To Prevent Diabetic Foot Ulcer. Jambura Nursing Journal, 6(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.37311/jnj.v6i1.23393
Jumain, & Rasiman, N. B. (2024). Effectiveness of Foot Care in Preventing Skin Damage and Risk of Diabetic Foot Wounds in Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI), 7(11), 2683–2689. https://doi.org/10.56338/mppki.v7i11.6188
Jung, W. H., & Kim, H. Y. (2023). Promoting foot self‐care in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients receiving hemodialysis based on the information‐motivation‐behavioral skills model. Nursing & Health Sciences, 25(4), 721–731. https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.13067
Kes, D., Sahin, F., Ertinmaz Ozkan, A., & Erem Basmaz, S. (2022). Effectiveness of a Transtheoretical Model-Based Foot Care Program in Improving Foot Care Behaviors and Self-Efficacy in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice, 36(1), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1891/RTNP-D-21-00006
Marliyana, M., Filsabila, A., Nurhayati, N., Yunitasari, E., Fitri, F. E., & Aliun, F. W. (2024). Edukasi perawatan kaki sebagai upaya pencegahan luka pada penderita diabetes melitus. JOURNAL OF Public Health Concerns, 4(2), 43–48. https://doi.org/10.56922/phc.v4i2.453
Mulyaningsih, M., Qadrijati, I., Mulyani, S., & Widyaningsih, V. (2022). Exercise intervention to reduce the risk of diabetic foot ulcers in diabetics with the health belief model approach. International Journal of Health Sciences, 8618–8626. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6nS6.12323
Mumpuningtias, E. D., Suprayitno, E., & Damayanti, C. N. (2022). Caring-Based Supportive Educative Enhance Prevention Ability Of Diabetic Ulcers In Patients With Type II Diabetes. Interest : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 198–206. https://doi.org/10.37341/interest.v0i0.365
Ng, I. I., Lok, G. K. I., & Choi, W. P. (2023). Prevention and Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcer by Health Education of Specialized Nurses. Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research, 7(5), 138–142. https://doi.org/10.26689/jcnr.v7i5.5325
Qin, Q., Oe, M., Nakagami, G., Kashiwabara, K., Sugama, J., Sanada, H., & Jais, S. (2023). The effectiveness of a thermography-driven preventive foot care protocol on the recurrence of diabetic foot ulcers in low-medical resource settings: An open-labeled randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 146, 104571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104571
Saad, A., Ibraheim, S., & Abdelrahman, B. (2022). BASNEF Model Based Educational Guidelines regarding Foot Care among Type II Diabetic Patients. Egyptian Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences, 3(2), 163–190. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejnhs.2022.324123
Tazangi, R. M., Bijani, M., Karimi, S., Naghizadeh, M. M., Jeihooni, A. K., & Rahimzahedi, M. (2022). The Effect of Peer Group-Based Training Using Health Belief Model on Quality of Life and Foot Ulcer Self-Care Behaviour in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Clinical Diabetology, 11(4), 251–261. https://doi.org/10.5603/DK.a2022.0031
van Netten, J. J., Raspovic, A., Lavery, L. A., Monteiro‐Soares, M., Paton, J., Rasmussen, A., Sacco, I. C. N., & Bus, S. A. (2024a). Prevention of foot ulcers in persons with diabetes at risk of ulceration: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 40(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3652
van Netten, J. J., Raspovic, A., Lavery, L. A., Monteiro‐Soares, M., Paton, J., Rasmussen, A., Sacco, I. C. N., & Bus, S. A. (2024b). Prevention of foot ulcers in persons with diabetes at risk of ulceration: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 40(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3652
Zhu, X., Lee, E. S., Chan, F. H. F., Lim, P. X. H., Chen, Y. C., & Griva, K. (2024). Foot self‐care behaviour in primary care patients with diabetic foot ulcers: Structural equation modelling of psychological predictors. International Wound Journal, 21(5). https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.14897
Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
