Analysis of Maternal Risk Factors for Low-Birth-Weight Infants at the Public Health Center
Abstract
Infants weighing less than 2500 grams are classified as low birth weight (LBW) and have a high mortality rate in the first few days of life, as well as various complications over time. It is necessary to identify maternal risk factors that influence this condition so that it can be prevented early on. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the influence of maternal age, antenatal care (ANC) visits, anemia, smoking history, infectious diseases, and psychosocial factors on the occurrence of low birth weight in Kotawaringin Barat District Health Centers. Method: This inferential study used a retrospective observational design and was conducted from August to October at Semanggang Health Center. The study analyzed data from medical records and relevant documents collected between January and October 2024, involving 242 respondents. Data processing included organization, cleaning, and coding to ensure accuracy. Regression analysis was conducted to examine relationships between independent and dependent variables, supported by descriptive statistics to summarize respondent characteristics. Results: The results showed that maternal factors that positively contributed to preventing LBW were ANC visits (increasing birth weight by 134,421 times), Hb levels above 10 gr% (increasing birth weight by 65,506 times), and maternal age (increasing birth weight by 2,243 times) from 1500 grams, assuming other variables were constant. Meanwhile, maternal factors that negatively contributed to preventing LBW were infectious diseases (decreasing birth weight by 382,863 times), psychosocial factors (decreasing birth weight by 18,778 times), and smoking (decreasing birth weight by 5,064 times) from 1500 grams, assuming other variables were constant. Conclusions: In conclusion Adequate ANC visits, Hb levels above 10 gr%, and optimal maternal age significantly increase birth weight. Conversely, infections, psychosocial factors, and smoking increase the risk of low birth weight.
References
Alba, A. D., Suntara, D. A., & Siska, D. (2021). Hubungan riwayat BBLR dengan kejadian stunting pada Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sekupang Kota Batam. Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian, 1(12), 27–69.
Apriani, E., Subandi, A., & Mubarok, A. K. (2020). Hubungan usia ibu hamil, paritas dan usia kehamilan dengan kejadian BBLR di RSUD Cilacap. Trends of Nursing Science.
Aulia, M., Aisyah, S., & Sari, P. E. (2019). Hubungan anemia, usia kehamilan dan preeklampsia dengan kejadian BBLR di RSI Siti Khadijah Palembang. Masker Medika, 7(2), 332–342.
Desta, M., Tadese, M., Kassie, B., & Gedefaw, M. (2019). Determinants and adverse perinatal outcomes of low birth weight newborns delivered in Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia: A cohort study. BMC Research Notes, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4155-x
Devaguru, A., Gada, S., Potpalle, D., Eshwar, M. D., & Purwar, D. (2023). The prevalence of Low Birth Weight among newborn babies and its associated maternal risk factors: A hospital-based cross-sectional study. Cureus, 15(5). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.38587
Dharmapatni, A. A., Kartinawati, K. T., & Aryastuti, A. A. S. A. (2023). Hubungan kejadian ibu hamil yang terinfeksi Covid-19 terhadap BBLR di UPT Kesmas Blahbatuh II. Aesculapius Medical Journal , 3(1), 106–111.
Farhan, K., & Dhanny, D. R. (2021). Anemia ibu hamil dan efeknya pada bayi. Muhammadiyah Journal of Midwifery, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.24853/myjm.2.1.27-33
Fatimah, N., Utama, B. I., & Sastri, S. (2017). Hubungan antenatal care dengan kejadian Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah pada ibu aterm di RSUP dr. M. Djamil Padang. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas, 6(3). http://jurnal.fk.unand.ac.id
Figueiredo, A. C. M. G., Gomes-Filho, I. S., Silva, R. B., Pereira, P. P. S., Da Mata, F. A. F., Lyrio, A. O., Souza, E. S., Cruz, S. S., & Pereira, M. G. (2018). Maternal anemia and low birth weight: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dalam Nutrients (Vol. 10, Nomor 5). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10050601
Hermince, M. O. (2022). Hubungan perokok pasif dengan tingkat Berat Bayi Lahir Rendah (BBLR) di Puskesmas Dinoyo Malang.
Johnson, C. D., Jones, S., & Paranjothy, S. (2017). Reducing low birth weight: Prioritizing action to address modifiable risk factors. Journal of Public Health , 39(1), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdv212
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2019). Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2022). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2021 (F. Sibuea, B. Hardhana, & W. Widiantini, Ed.). Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Kholifah, W. D. N., Nurrochmah, S., Alma, L. R., & Gayatri, R. W. (2023). Analisis hubungan tingkat pendidikan ibu, antenatal care, paritas, dan paparan asap rokok pada ibu dengan kejadian BBLR di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Arjuno Kota Malang. Sport Science and Health, 5(2), 133–147. https://doi.org/10.17977/um062v5i22023p133-147
Kornia, G. K. M., Permatananda, P. A. N. K., Suryantha, I. G. N., & Lestarini, A. (2023). Karakteristik ibu yang melahirkan Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR) di RSUD Sanjiwani Gianyar, Bali. Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia, 8(7). https://doi.org/10.36418/syntax
Kurniasari, W., Amalia, R., & Handayani, S. (2023). Hubungan antenatal care, jarak kelahiran dan preeklampsia dengan kejadian BBLR. Jurnal ‘Aisyiyah Palembang, 8(1).
Lestari, J. F., Etika, R., & Lestari, P. (2020). Faktor risiko maternal Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR): Studi Systematic Review. Indonesian Midwifery and Health Sciences Journal, 4(1), 73–81. https://doi.org/10.20473/imhsj.v4i1.2020.73-81
Luthfia, E., & Atmaja, H. K. (2020). Kondisi stres wanita usia subur (WUS) bekerja dan tidak bekerja dengan menggunakan Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale di Desa Midang, Kecamatan Gunung Sari, Kabupaten Lombok Barat. Jurnal Kesehatan Almuslim, 5(10).
Moradi, G., Zokaeii, M., Goordarzi, E., & Khazaei, Z. (2021). Maternal risk factors for low birth weight infants: A nested case-control study of rural areas in Kurdistan (western of Iran). J Prev Med Hy.
Muliaanisa, R., Tunggal, T., & Suhrawardi. (2021). Studi literatur hubungan anemia dan KEK pada ibu hamil dengan kejadian BBLR. Jurnal Kebidanan Bestari, 5(2). http://www.ejurnalbidanbestari-poltekkesbjm.com
Murti, F. C., Suryati, & Oktavianto, E. (2020). Hubungan Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) dengan kejadian stunting pada usia Balita usia 2-5 tahun di Desa Umbulrejo Kecamatan Ponjong Kabupaten Gunung Kidul. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Keperawatan, 16(2), 52. https://doi.org/10.26753/jikk.v16i2.419
Novitasari, A., Hutami, M. S., & Pristya, T. Y. R. (2020). Pencegahan dan pengendalian BBLR di Indonesia: Systematic Review. Indonesian Journal of Health Development, 2(3).
Nuzula, R. F., Dasuki, D., & Kurniawati, H. F. (2020). Hubungan kehamilan pada usia remaja dengan kejadian BBLR di RSUD Panembahan Senopati. Jurnal Kesehatan "Samodra Ilmu, 11(02).
Pitriani, T., Nurvinanda, R., & Lestari, I. P. (2023). Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan meningkatnya kejadian Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR). Jurnal Penelitian Perawat Profesional, 5(4). http://jurnal.globalhealthsciencegroup.com/index.php/JPPP
Ramadityo, D. (2021, Desember 19). Kenali Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Berat Badan Lahir Rendah. Ayo Sehat. https://ayosehat.kemkes.go.id/kenali-faktor-faktor-penyebab-berat-badan-lahir-rendah
Sari, A. I. (2021). Hubungan ibu preeklamsia dengan kejadian BBLR di RSD Balung Kabupaten Jember. Ovary Midwifery Journal .
Sari, A. P., Romlah, & Anita, T. (2021). Faktor maternal terhadap kejadian BBLR. CITRA DELIMA : Jurnal Ilmiah STIKES Citra Delima Bangka Belitung , 5(1). https://doi.org/10.33862/citradelima.v5i
Sari, F. P. (2021). Faktor determinan kejadian bayi dengan Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kecamatan Kedungkandang Kota Malang.
Sari, H. D., Adiwinoto, R. P., & Yatmasari, E. (2021). Tinjauan Sistematis: Kebiasaan merokok ibu hamil dengan kejadian Bayi Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR). PMJ Prominentia Medical Journal, 2(2).
Sholiha, H., & Sumarmi, S. (2015). Analisis risiko kejadian Berat Bayi Lahir Rendah (BBLR) pada Primigravida. Media Gizi Indonesia, 10(1), 57–63.
Trisiswati, M., Mardhiyah, D., & Sari, S. M. (2021). Hubungan riwayat BBLR (Berat Badan Lahir Rendah) dengan kejadian stunting di Kabupaten Pandeglang. Majalah Sainstekes, 8(2), 061–070.
Wahyuni, S., Ananti, Y., & Issabella, C. M. (2021). Hubungan anemia kehamilan dengan kejadian Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR): Systematic Literatur Review. Journal of Health, 8(2), 94–104.
WHO. (2011). International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (10th ed., Vol. 2). World Health Organization.
Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
