Stigmatization and the Impacts for Indigenous People with HIV/AIDS: A Scoping Review
Abstract
The global substantial evidence highlights that HIV/AIDS-related stigma is a barrier to HIV prevention programs, treatment, and support services. Overcoming stigma and discrimination is the main guiding principle in HIV prevention and control programs. Such overcoming is crucial, especially for indigenous people with HIV/AIDS because they are often marginalized. Based on this background, this scoping review aims to explore the HIV/AIDS stigma and its impact, especially experienced by indigenous people. : This scoping review was conducted from November 2022 to March 2023 by searching for manuscripts on PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Wiley, Directory of Open Access Journals, ProQuest, GARUDA, and Gray Literature databases to identify HIV/AIDS stigma and its impact in indigenous people. Three reviewers independently screened the results. The extracted data were then mapped, categorized, and summarized. This study has identified that HIV/AIDS stigma in indigenous people includes curses, divine vengeance, and infectious diseases. Various impacts arising from stigmatization include concealment, discrimination, powerlessness, unequal life opportunities, and social rejection/isolation. Moreover, the stigma impacts the service system and health service providers. It is necessary to have a complex strategy supported by the involvement of health authorities, health workers, and indigenous communities to overcome the problems of HIV/AIDS stigma and to understand the culture of indigenous people to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS.
References
Akatukwasa C, Getahun M, El Ayadi AM, Namanya J, Maeri I, Itiakorit H, et al (2021). Dimensions of HIV-related stigma in rural communities in Kenya and Uganda at the start of a large HIV ‘test and treat’ trial. PLoS One. May, 16(5):e0249462.
Arrey AE (2018). The challenge of HIV/AIDS on the indigenous social security systems: the case of Cameroon. Indig Soc Secur Syst.;197.
Benoit AC, Cotnam J, O’Brien-Teengs D, Greene S, Beaver K, Zoccole A, et al (2019). Racism experiences of urban indigenous women in Ontario, Canada: “We all have that story that will break your heart.” Int Indig Policy J. 10(2).
Buys PJ (2020). Building resilient communities in the midst of shame, guilt, fear, witchcraft, and HIV/AIDS. Koers Bull Christ Sch Koers Bull vir Christelike Wet. 85(1):1–16.
Cain R, Jackson R, Prentice T, Collins E, Mill J, Barlow K (2013). The Experience of HIV Diagnosis Among Aboriginal People Living With HIV/AIDS and Depression. Qual Health Res. Mar;23(6):815–24.
Chan BT, Pradeep A, Prasad L, Murugesan V, Chandrasekaran E, Kumarasamy N, et al (2017). Association between internalized stigma and depression among HIV-positive persons entering into care in Southern India. J Glob Health. Dec,7(2):20403.
Chan BT, Weiser SD, Boum Y, Siedner MJ, Mocello AR, Haberer JE, et al (2015). Persistent HIV-related stigma in rural Uganda during a period of increasing HIV incidence despite treatment expansion. AIDS. Jan, 29(1):83–90.
Charles B, Jeyaseelan L, Pandian AK, Sam AE, Thenmozhi M, Jayaseelan V (2012). Association between stigma, depression and quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) in South India - A community based cross sectional study. BMC Public Health.12(1):1.
Cluver LD, Sherr L, Toska E, Zhou S, Mellins C-A, Omigbodun O, et al (2022). From surviving to thriving: integrating mental health care into HIV, community, and family services for adolescents living with HIV. Lancet Child Adolesc Heal. 6(8):582–92.
Datta S, Bhattacherjee S, Sherpa PL, Banik S (2016). Perceived HIV Related Stigma among Patients Attending ART Center of a Tertiary Care Center in Rural West Bengal, India. J Clin Diagn Res. Oct,10(10):VC09-VC12.
Erena AN, Shen G, Lei P (2019). Factors affecting HIV counselling and testing among Ethiopian women aged 15–49. BMC Infect Dis. 19(1):1076.
Ferguson L, Gruskin S, Bolshakova M, Yagyu S, Fu N, Cabrera N, et al (2022). Frameworks and measures for HIV‐related internalized stigma, stigma and discrimination in healthcare and in laws and policies: a systematic review. J Int AIDS Soc.25:e25915.
Girma E, Gebretsadik LA, Kaufman MR, Rimal RN, Morankar SN, Limaye RJ (2014). Stigma against people with HIV/AIDS in rural Ethiopia, 2005 to 2011: signs and predictors of improvement. AIDS Behav. Jun, 18(6):1046–53.
Gizachew KD, Chekol YA, Basha EA, Mamuye SA, Wubetu AD (2021). Suicidal ideation and attempt among people living with HIV/AIDS in selected public hospitals: Central Ethiopia. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 20(1):1–18.
Hatala AR, Bird-Naytowhow K, Pearl T, Peterson J, del Canto S, Rooke E, et al(2018). Being and Becoming a Helper: Illness Disclosure and Identity Transformations among Indigenous People Living With HIV or AIDS in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Qual Health Res. Apr,28(7):1099–111.
Holst C, Stelzle D, Diep LM, Sukums F, Ngowi B, Noll J, et al (2022). Improving Health Knowledge Through Provision of Free Digital Health Education to Rural Communities in Iringa, Tanzania: Nonrandomized Intervention Study. J Med Internet Res. 24(7):e37666.
Joanna Briggs Institute (2015). Joanna Briggs Institute Review Manual. Methodology for the JBI Scope Review.
Laurencin CT, Christensen DM, Taylor ED (2008). HIV/AIDS and the African-American Community: A State of Emergency. J Natl Med Assoc. 100(1):35–43.
LeMasters K, Dussault J, Barrington C, Bengtson A, Gaynes B, Go V, et al (2020). “ Pain in my heart”: Understanding perinatal depression among women living with HIV in Malawi. PLoS One. 15(6):e0227935.
Lo Hog Tian JM, Watson JR, Ibáñez-Carrasco F, Tran B, Parsons JA, Maunder RG, et al (2021). Impact of experienced HIV stigma on health is mediated by internalized stigma and depression: results from the people living with HIV stigma index in Ontario. BMC Public Health. Sep,21(1):1595.
Manangsang F, Purba ER V, Yogi R, Rumaseb E, Suweni K (2022). Social Stigma Against People with COVID-19 In Jayapura Indonesia: A Mixed Methods Study with Explanatory Design. Fitness, Perform Heal J.1(1):43–51.
Mann JM (1998). Statement at an informal briefing on AIDS to the 42nd session of the United Nations General Assembly. J R Stat Soc Ser A, 151(1):131–6.
María Castro-Arroyave D, Gamella Mora JF, Rojas Arbeláez C, Mignone J (2018). Social Perceptions of HIV/AIDS among the Wayuu of Colombia. J HIV/AIDS Soc Serv.17(3):224–38.
Mccall, Jane ; Pauly B (2012). Providing a Safe Place: Adopting a Cultural Safety Perspective in the Care of Aboriginal Women Living With HIV/AIDS. Can J Nurs Res Arch. 44(2):130–45.
Nyamathi A, Ekstrand M, Zolt-Gilburne J, Ganguly K, Sinha S, Ramakrishnan P, et al (2013). Correlates of Stigma among Rural Indian Women Living with HIV/AIDS. AIDS Behav. 17(1):329–39.
Organization WH (2021). Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention, testing, treatment, service delivery and monitoring: recommendations for a public health approach. World Health Organization.
Owan VJ, Akah LU, Ekpo AJ, Ubi IO, Abeng FA, Akah GT (2022). Socioeconomic factors and the evaluation of HIV/AIDS prevention programs: A psychometric analysis of an instrument. Electron J Gen Med, 19(6):1–12.
Philip AA, Davis S, Nwakasi C, Baba VO (2021). Exploration of traditional beliefs about human immunodeficiency virus and associated stigma among black Africans in the UK: a pilot study with implication for practice in Africa. Int J Community Med Public Heal.8(5):2173.
Pourmarzi D, Khoramirad A, Gaeeni M (2017). Perceived Stigma in People Living With HIV in Qom. J Fam Reprod Heal. Dec;11(4):202–10.
Rayanakorn A, Ong-artborirak P, Ademi Z, Chariyalertsak S (2022). Predictors of Stigma and Health-Related Quality of Life Among People Living with HIV in Northern Thailand. AIDS Patient Care STDS. May,36(5):186–93.
Rich C, Mavhu W, France NF, Munatsi V, Byrne E, Willis N, et al (2022). Exploring the beliefs, experiences and impacts of HIV-related self-stigma amongst adolescents and young adults living with HIV in Harare, Zimbabwe: A qualitative study. PLoS One.17(5):e0268498.
Richards S (2004). God’s Curse and Hysteria: Women’s Narratives of AIDS in Manokwari, West Papua. Papua New Guinea Med J. Mar,47(1/2):77–87.
Saewyc E, Clark T, Barney L, Brunanski D, Homma Y (2014). Enacted Stigma and HIV Risk Behaviours among Sexual Minority Indigenous Youth in Canada, New Zealand, and the United States. Pimatisiwin. Jan, 11(3):411–20.
Santiago-Rodríguez EI, Rivas CE, Maiorana A, Pérez AE, Erguera X, Johnson MO, et al (2021). Unpacking the “backpack of shame”: Exploring intersections of stigma among Latinx people living with HIV in San Francisco, CA. Cult Divers Ethn Minor Psychol.
Seffren V, Familiar I, Murray SM, Augustinavicius J, Boivin MJ, Nakasujja N, et al (2018). Association between coping strategies, social support, and depression and anxiety symptoms among rural Ugandan women living with HIV/AIDS. AIDS Care. 30(7):888–95.
Skinner, D., & Mfecane, S. (2012). Stigma , discrimination and the implications for people living with HIV / AIDS in South Africa Stigma , discrimination and the implications for people living with HIV / AIDS in South Africa. https://doi.org/10.1080/17290376.2004.9724838
Srithanaviboonchai K, Chariyalertsak S, Nontarak J, Assanangkornchai S, Kessomboon P, Putwatana P, et al (2017). Stigmatizing attitudes toward people living with HIV among general adult Thai population: Results from the 5th Thai National Health Examination Survey (NHES). PLoS One. 12(11):e0187231.
Sudjaritruk T, Aurpibul L, Songtaweesin WN, Narkpongphun A, Thisayakorn P, Chotecharoentanan T, et al (2021). Integration of mental health services into HIV healthcare facilities among Thai adolescents and young adults living with HIV. J Int AIDS Soc. 24(2):1–10.
Thomas A, Lubarsky S, Varpio L, Durning SJ, Young ME (2020). Scoping reviews in health professions education: challenges, considerations and lessons learned about epistemology and methodology. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. Oct,25(4):989–1002.
Tristanto A, Afrizal A, Setiawati S, Ramadani M (2022). Narrative of HIV Stigma in West Sumatra.
Tuttle M, Rydberg K (2022). Evaluating the Rural HIV / AIDS Planning Program. Policy Br, 1(1):2–7.
Ullah AA, Huque AS (2022). Stigma, discrimination and HIV or AIDS: an empirical investigation of Asian immigrants and refugees in Canada. Int J Hum Rights Healthc.(ahead-of-print).
Woodgate RL, Zurba M, Tennent P, Cochrane C, Payne M, Mignone J (2017). “People try and label me as someone I’m not”: The social ecology of Indigenous people living with HIV, stigma, and discrimination in Manitoba, Canada. Soc Sci Med. 194:17–24.
Zhang Q, Yang H, Fan J, Duan L, Chen D, Feng X, et al (2019). Older people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome in Chinese rural areas: perceived stigma and associated factors. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. Aug,113(8):477–82.
Copyright (c) 2024 Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
