The Effect of Administering A Combination of Bay Leaf Boiled Water and Honey on Decreasing Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) in Prelaines with Hypertension
Abstract
Hypertension is often referred to as a "silent killer" because it often arises without symptoms. Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2022 that there are around 1.56 billion people around the world suffering from hypertension and it is estimated that the prevalence of hypertension will continue to increase from year to year. In Gambut District, Banjar Regency is the area with the highest incidence of hypertension from year to year. There are 2 ways of hypertension management, namely pharmacological management and non-pharmacological management. One example of non-pharmacological management is by giving a combination of bay leaf decoction water and honey. Objective to determine the effect of a combination of bay leaf and honey boiled water on the reduction of Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) value in elderly people with hypertension in the working area of the Peat Health Center. This study used a quantitative method with a Pre-Experimental research design Two Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The number of samples was 30 respondents using the purposive sampling technique, which was tested by the Wilcoxon statistical test. The results of statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference in MAP values between before and after the intervention of a combination of bay leaf and honey boiled water. There was an effect of giving a combination of bay leaf decoction and honey on MAP value.
References
Hypertension is also called a circulatory system disorder, a disease in which a person's blood pressure exceeds normal limits, which is characterized by systolic pressure >140 mmHg and diastolic pressure >90 mmHg (Iqbal & Jamal, 2023). Hypertension sufferers usually find out that they have hypertension after complications occur (Wijayanti et al., 2023). There are several symptoms caused by hypertension, namely dizziness, heart palpitations marked by difficulty breathing after doing activities or lifting heavy loads, getting tired easily, disruption of the hearing system such as ringing in the ears and even signs of symptoms such as irritability (Berek & Fouk, 2020).
Several factors that can worsen high blood pressure and should be avoided for people with hypertension include obesity, smoking, an inactive lifestyle, excessive alcohol consumption, low potassium consumption, stress and sodium sensitivity (Alfaini et al., 2023). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2022 there will be around 1.56 billion people throughout the world suffering from hypertension and it is estimated that the prevalence of hypertension will continue to increase. In 2025, WHO estimates that 29% of adults will suffer from hypertension (Mills et al., 2020). The prevalence of hypertension sufferers in Indonesia, as a country with a low population density, reaches 34.1% with an estimated number of hypertension cases of 63,309,620 people (Riskesdas, 2018).
Not only that, 427,218 Indonesians died from hypertension in 2018 (Alfaini et al., 2023). According to data from the Banjar Regency health service, the hypertension rate is quite high, reaching 21,486 thousand people in 2022, 15,288 thousand people in 2021, 10,910 thousand people in 2020. From this data it can be concluded that the hypertension rate in Banjar Regency increases every year. In Gambut sub-district, the number of hypertension sufferers was ranked 14th with 331 people in 2021 and increased rapidly in 2022 to 3rd place with 1308 people as the highest hypertension in Banjar Regency (RSUD Banjar Kota, 2022)
Pre-elderly is someone aged 45-60 years, one of the physical functions of pre-elderly will decrease as they get older, this decline makes pre-elderly vulnerable to degenerative diseases such as hypertension and non-generative diseases (Astarini et al., 2021). Therefore, the pre-elderly to the elderly are vulnerable groups and must receive early treatment for disease (Nursofiati et al., 2023). MAP is used to identify the rise and fall of blood pressure based on systolic and diastolic (Amdadi et al., 2020). The MAP value can be used as a stable measure of resistance to increasing systolic and diastolic values during adulthood (Putri et al., 2023).
The high rate of stroke complications in elderly people with hypertension means that MAP has a better diagnostic accuracy value than the Pulse Pressure (PP) value in ischemic stroke patients (Hamsih & Septiawan, 2021). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is the value of the average arterial pressure during one heart beat cycle obtained from the results of systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements (Masruroh & Santoso, 2020).
Frequently used pharmacological therapies can be classified into several categories, namely beta-blockers, diuretics and angiotensin II blockers, vasodilators, calcium antagonists, Angiotension-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) (Li et al., 2014). In Indonesia, people still often choose traditional medicines or herbal medicines compared to other pharmacological medicines to lower blood pressure in hypertension sufferers (Framaisella & Septiawan, 2020)
Non-pharmacological therapy such as treatment derived from herbal plants to lower blood pressure for hypertension sufferers, such as boiled bay leaf water (Darni, 2022). Apart from bay leaves, a non-pharmacological therapy that can be trusted to lower blood pressure is honey. Honey has antimicrobial and antiviral properties, increases the immune system response, regulates glycemia without side effects and provides a hypotensive effect that can lower blood pressure (Harsono, 2020). Looking at the existing background, this research aims to analyze the effect of administering a combination of sea leaf water and honey on the reduction of mean arterial pressure (MAP) in patients with hypertension in the working area of the Gambut Public Health Center.
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