Understanding Differences In Emotional Experiences Among Caregivers In Caring For Children Under Five Exposed To HIV
Abstract
An increase in HIV cases in housewives is at risk of increasing the population of children exposed to HIV. Caregivers of children exposed to HIV are at risk of having problems caring for children exposed to HIV. The difficulties experienced by caregivers can be affected by the condition of the child, who may or may not be infected with HIV. This study aims to get an n overview of the emotional experience of caregivers in caring for children underfive who are exposed to HIV. Methods: The research design uses a qualitative method with a phenomenology approach. Data collection was carried out using snowball sampling techniques and obtained from ten participants domiciled in Jakarta and its surroundings. The participants recruited in this study are caregiver of HIV-exposed children. Data collection was carried out using in-depth interview techniques. Data analysis uses thematic analysis using the Colaizzi method. This study obtained ten participants consisting of seven biological mothers, two children’s relatives and one foster parent. There were seven children with HIV-negative and five children with HIV-positive. Two caregivers in this study cared for more than one child exposed to HIV, namely one child with HIV-positive and one child with HIV-negative. The study found three themes: easy versus complex; grace and entrustment; and love and pity. This study concluded the that there are differences in emotional experiences among caregivers in caring for children underfive exposed to HIV influenced by the child’s HIV status. Positive affirmations and emotional support from health professionals adjusted to the values and socio-cultural condition of caregivers will benefit caregivers in providing adequate care for children.
References
Alvarenga, W. de A., & Dupas, G. (2014). Experience of taking care of children exposed to HIV: A trajectory of expectations. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 22(5), 848–856. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.3607.2489
Andini, A. M., Kurniati, N., & Tamin, T. Z. (2015). The relationship between timing of diagnosis and quality of life among HIV-infected children. Universitas Indonesia. Retrieved from https://lib.ui.ac.id/detail?id=20411775&lokasi=lokal
Colaizzi, P. F. (1978). Psychological research as a phenomenologist views it: Existential phenomenological alternatives for psychological. Retrieved from http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/26984/.
Diaz, R. (2017). The experience of foster parents : What keeps foster parents Motivated to foster long term ? Antioch University Santa Barbara. Retrieved from https://aura.antioch.edu/etds/380
Evans, C., Jones, C. E., & Prendergast, A. J. (2016). HIV-exposed, uninfected infants: new global challenges in the era os paediatric HIV elimination. The Lancet Infectious Disease, 16(6), E92–E107. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(16)00055-4
Fauk, N. K., Ward, P. R., Hawke, K., & Mwanri, L. (2021). HIV stigma and discrimination: Perspectives and personal experiences of healthcare providers in Yogyakarta and Belu, Indonesia. Frontiers in Medicine, 8(May), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.625787
Hairunisa, G. N. (2021). The influence of the presence of children and the number of children on parental happiness. Martabat: Jurnal Perempuan Dan Anak, 5(1), 127–152. https://doi.org/10.21274/martabat.2021.5.1.127-152
Hasanah, H., & Sulistiadi, W. (2019). HIV/AIDS Infection among Housewives in Asia: A Systematic Review, 219–228. https://doi.org/10.26911/theicph.2019.02.38
Hayati, H., Nurhaeni, N., Wanda, D., & Nuraidah. (2023). Understanding the experiences of caregivers of HIV-exposed children under five: A phenomenological inquiry. Belitung Nursing Journal, 9(2), 152–158. https://doi.org/10.33546/bnj.2479
Indrawanti, R., Arguni, E., Laksanawati, I. S., Puspitasari, D., & Husada, D. (2021). Status gizi dan gambaran klinis penyakit pada pasien HIV anak awal terdiagnosis. Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia, 17(3), 125. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.62154
Khairunnisa, I., & Hartini, N. (2022). The relationship between caregiver burden and subjective well-being in mothers of the sandwich generation. Jurnal Ilmu Psikologi Dan Kesehatan (SIKONTAN), 1(2), 97–106. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.54443/sikontan.v1i2.383
le Roux, S. M., Abrams, E. J., Donald, K. A., Brittain, K., Phillips, T. K., Nguyen, K. K., … Myer, L. (2019). Growth trajectories of breastfed HIV-exposed uninfected and HIV-unexposed children under conditions of universal maternal antiretroviral therapy: a prospective study. The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health, 3(4), 234–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30007-0
Lentoor, A. G. (2017). Psychosocial Challenges Associated with Caregiving in the Context of Pediatric HIV in Rural Eastern Cape. Frontiers in Public Health, 5(June). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2017.00127
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. (2022). Executive report on the development of HIV AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases for the first quarter of 2022. Indonesia.
Muhammad, A. T. G., & Binuko, K. P. E. (2022). HIV infant from HIV-infected mother. Continuing Medical Education, 863–865.
Nasution, N. H., & Ritonga, S. H. (2022). Community stigma about HIV AIDS in Pintu Langit Jae village. Jurnal Kesehatan Ilmiah Indonesia (Indonesian Health Scientific Journal), 7(1), 122. https://doi.org/10.51933/health.v7i1.765
Osafo, J., Knizek, B. L., Mugisha, J., & Kinyanda, E. (2017). The experiences of caregivers of children living with HIV and AIDS in Uganda: A qualitative study. Globalization and Health, 13(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-017-0294-9
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2014). Essentials of nursing research: Appraising evidence for nursing practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Ramokolo, V., Goga, A. E., Slogrove, A. L., & Powis, K. M. (2019). Unmasking the vulnerabilities of uninfected children exposed to HIV. The BMJ, 366(table 1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l4479
Ray, J. E., Dobbs, K. R., Ogolla, S. O., Daud, I. I., Midem, D., Omenda, M. M., … Dent, A. E. (2024). Clinical and immunological outcomes of HIV-exposed uninfected and HIV-unexposed uninfected children in the first 24 months of life in Western Kenya. BMC Infectious Diseases, 24(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-024-09051-3
Rushton, C. H., & Ballard, M. K. (2011). The other side of caring: Caregiver suffering. In Palliative Care for Infants, Children, and Adolescents: A Practical Handbook, 309–342.
Schulz, R., Hebert, R. S., Dew, M. A., Brown, S. L., Scheier, M. F., Beach, S. R., … Nichols, L. (2007). Patient suffering and caregiver compassion: new opportunities for research, practice, and policy. The Gerontologist, 47(1), 4–13. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/47.1.4
Streubert, H. J., & Carpenter, D. R. (2011). Qualitative research in nursing: Advancing the humanistic imperative (Fifth ed). China: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Upami, P. T., Handayani, F., & Johan, A. (2024). Psychological problems in caregivers of stroke patients scoping review. Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v2i4.250
Wedderburn, C. J., Weldon, E., Bertran-Cobo, C., Rehman, A. M., Stein, D. J., Gibb, D. M., … Donald, K. A. (2022). Early neurodevelopment of HIV-exposed uninfected children in the era of antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health, 6(6), 393–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(22)00071-2
Copyright (c) 2024 Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
