The Relationship of Nutritional Status with Cholesterol Levels in Junior High School Students in Malang
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are the result of excess food intake compared to energy expenditure. Overweight and obesity are health problems associated with dyslipidemia and risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Knowledge about being overweight and knowledge about nutrition are related to the practice of choosing the food consumed. The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between nutritional status and cholesterol levels in junor hidgh school students in Malang. The method used in this research uses a quantitative descriptive research design with a cross sectional approach. The research location was carried out at Pelita Kasih Lawang Christian Middle School, Malang Regency in February - April 2021. The method used in this research was the total population, with the population in this study being 76 respondents. Respondent characteristics data was obtained based on the population at Pelita Kasih Lawang Christian Middle School, Malang Regency, aged 12-15 years who had more nutritional status and were willing to be respondents when the research was conducted. Nutritional status data was obtained using a weight measuring device using a Camry brand digital scale. Height measuring tool using a micrometer with an accuracy of 0.1 cm. Cholesterol test tool with Easy Touch brand cholesterol strips, non-powdered rubber gloves, 5L biohazard safety box, lancet needle and alcohol swabs. Conclusion: based on the research that has been conducted, it can be concluded that the nutritional status is normal for 36 respondents, the nutritional status is overweight for 11 respondents and the nutritional status for obesity is 7 respondents. There was no relationship between nutritional status and respondents' cholesterol levels. Suggestion: This research still requires further research related to nutritional status and hypercholesterolemia factors.
References
American Heart Association. 2022. Reduce Your Risk of ASCVD (Artherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases)
Amy. Ar. 2021. LDL Cholesterol: Causes, Risk Factors and Treatment. Institue for Quality and Efficiency in Heath Care (IQWiG, Germany). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books
Arrobas Velilla, T., Guijarro, C., Campuzano Ruiz, R., Rodríguez Piñero, M., Valderrama Marcos, J. F., Pérez Pérez, A., Botana López, M. A., Morais López, A., García Donaire, J. A., Obaya, J. C., Castilla Guerra, L., Pallares Carratalá, V., Egocheaga Cabello, I., Salgueira Lazo, M., Castellanos Rodrigo, M. M., Mostaza Prieto, J. M., Gómez Doblas, J. J., & Buño Soto, A. (2023). Consensus document for lipid profile determination and reporting in Spanish clinical laboratories. What parameters should a basic lipid profile include? Neurology Perspectives, 3(2), 100126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurop.2023.100126
Belete, A. K., Kassaw, A. T., Yirsaw, B. G., Taye, B. A., Ambaw, S. N., Mekonnen, B. A., & Sendekie, A. K. (n.d.). Prevalence of Hypercholesterolemia and Awareness of Risk Factors, Prevention and Management Among Adults Visiting Referral Hospital in Ethiopia. Vascular Health and Risk Management.
Campbell, E. T., Franks, A. T., & Joseph, P. V. (2019). Adolescent obesity in the past decade: A systematic review of genetics and determinants of food choice. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 31(6), 344–351. https://doi.org/10.1097/JXX.0000000000000154
Dietary Cholesterol and Cardiovascular Risk: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association. (n.d.).
Dündar, İ., & Akıncı, A. (2022). Frequency of Dyslipidemia and Associated Risk Factors Among Obese Children and Adolescents in Turkey. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics, 32(3). https://doi.org/10.5812/ijp-122937
Eljamay, S. M. (2019). Relationship between Obesity and Hypercholesterolemia. 2(1).
Grace, Ga., Edward, S., & Gopalakrishnan, S. (2021). Dietary habits and obesity among adolescent school children: A case control study in an urban area of kancheepuram district. Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 46(4), 637. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_1013_20
Huff T, Boyd B, Jialal I. (2024) Physiology, Cholesterol. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470561/
Khil, J., Kim, S. M., Chang, J., Choi, S., Lee, G., Son, J. S., Park, S. M., & Keum, N. (2023). Changes in total cholesterol level and cardiovascular disease risk among type 2 diabetes patients. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 8342. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-33743-6
Li, H., Ge, M., Pei, Z., He, J., & Wang, C. (2022). Associations of environmental factors with total cholesterol level of middle-aged and elderly people in China. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 2423. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14922-y
Lütjohann, D., Klör, H.-U., & Stellaard, F. (2023). Measurement of Serum Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Triglyceride-Rich Remnant Cholesterol as Independent Predictors of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Possibilities and Limitations. Nutrients, 15(9), 2202. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15092202
Mainieri, F., La Bella, S., & Chiarelli, F. (2023). Hyperlipidemia and Cardiovascular Risk in Children and Adolescents. Biomedicines, 11(3), 809. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030809
Mc Auley, M. T. (2020). Effects of obesity on cholesterol metabolism and its implications for healthy ageing. Nutrition Research Reviews, 33(1), 121–133. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422419000258
McGowan, M. P., Hosseini Dehkordi, S. H., Moriarty, P. M., & Duell, P. B. (2019). Diagnosis and Treatment of Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Journal of the American Heart Association, 8(24), e013225. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.119.013225
Nudhar, L., & Oswari, L. (2020). Mean Differences of Total Cholesterol Levels Among Vegetarians and Nonvegetarians at Maha Vihara Maitreya Duta Palembang.56(3).
Pondagitan, A. S., Mayulu, N., & Lestari, H. (2020). Korelasi antara asupan serat, asupan lemak, dan status gizi dengan kadar kolesterol total remaja usia 18-20 tahun. Jurnal Biomedik:JBM, 12(2), 94. https://doi.org/10.35790/jbm.12.2.2020.29429
Rahmawati, R., Nurwati, I., & Wiboworini, B. (2023). Does Eating Out Cause in Overweight and Obesity in Adolescence? Proceedings of the International Conference on Nursing and Health Sciences, 4(1), 281–288. https://doi.org/10.37287/picnhs.v4i1.1816
Schade, D. S., Shey, L., & Eaton, R. P. (2020). Cholesterol Review: A Metabolically Important Molecule. Endocrine Practice, 26(12), 1514–1523. https://doi.org/10.4158/EP-2020-0347
Schröder, H., Marrugat, J., Elosua, R., & Covas, M. I. (2023). Relationship between body mass index, serum cholesterol, leisure-time physical activity, and diet in a Mediterranean Southern-Europe population. British Journal of Nutrition, 90(2), 431–439. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN2003899
Setyawati, R., & Lasroha, M. (n.d.). Overview of HDL, LDL, Triglycerides, and Total Cholesterol in Obese Patients. 39.
Sopiah, P., Haryeti, P., Sukaesih, N. S., Nuryani, R., & Lindasari, S. W. (2021). Total Cholesterol Levels and Degress of Hypertension in the Elderly Hypertension. Journal of Nursing Care, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.24198/jnc.v4i1.29756
Sustar, U., Kordonouri, O., Arens, S., Kovac, J., Sedej, K., Battelino, T., & Groselj, U. (2023). Evaluation of Body Mass Index, Overweight and Obesity Status, and Cholesterol Levels in Younger Children. JAMA Network Open, 6(4), e238141. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.8141
Tang, N., Ma, J., Tao, R., Chen, Z., Yang, Y., He, Q., Lv, Y., Lan, Z., & Zhou, J. (2022). The effects of the interaction between BMI and dyslipidemia on hypertension in adults. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 927. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-04968-8
Wardhani, K., Sihombing, M., & Syahputra, S. (2023). Diagnosis Of Cholesterol Disease In Adolescence Using Certainty Factor Method. Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Engineering Applications (JAIEA), 3(1), 53–60. https://doi.org/10.59934/jaiea.v3i1.258
Copyright (c) 2024 Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.