Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Spirulina terhadap Antikanker
Abstract
Spirulina adalah cyanobacterium mikroskopik berfilamen, mengandung bahan yang bermanfaat bagi manusia antara lain alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, saponin, dan senyawa aktif piperidinone, piperidine, hexadecanenitrile yang merupakan zat dengan aktivitas kemopreventif kanker yang poten. Zat ini mampu menginduksi apoptosis dengan menimbulkan fragmentasi DNA dan kondensasi nucleus dan juga memiliki kemampuan untuk menurunkan regulasi protein anti apoptosis dan meningkatkan regulasi protein proapoptosi. Tujuan literature review ini untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak spirulina terhadap antikanker. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode studi literature review. Sumber pustaka yang digunakan dalam penyusunan literature ini menggunakan buku pedoman terkait ilmu karsinogenesis dan manfaat ekstrak spirulina yang menggunakan penelitian-penelitian terbaru dengan proses pencarian model artikel database yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2005 sampai dengan tahun 2019. Berbagai penelitian eksperimental menunjukan bahwa spirulina memiliki efek antikanker. Ekstrak kasar Spirulina memiliki komponen aktif alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, saponin, dan senyawa aktif piperidinone, piperidine, hexadecanenitrile merupakan komponen golongan senyawa alkaloid yang berperan dalam penghambatan kanker.
Kata kunci: spirulina, manusia, antikanker
THE EFFECTS OF SPIRULINA EXTRACT ON ANTICENCER
ABSTRACT
Spirulina is a microscopic filamentous cyanobacterium, containing substances that are beneficial to humans including alkaloid, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, and active compounds of piperidinone, piperidine, hexadecanenitrile which are substances with potent cancer chemopreventive activity. This substance is able to induce apoptosis by causing DNA fragmentation and nucleus condensation and also has the ability to decrease the regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins and increase the regulation of proapoptotic proteins. The purpose of this review literature is to determine the effect of spirulina extract on anticancer. Method: This writing uses the literature review study method. Literature sources used are manuals related to the science of carcinogenesis and the benefits of spirulina extract from recent studies with the process of searching for database articles published in 2005 to 2019. Results: Various experimental studies have shown that spirulina has an anticancer effect. Discussion: Spirulina crude extract has active components of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, and the active compounds piperidinone, piperidine, hexadecanenitrile are components of alkaloid compounds that play a role in cancer inhibition.
Keywords: spirulina, anticancer
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