The Willingness of Bystander to Perform CPR to the Patient with Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest During the Pandemic Covid 19: A Literature Review
Keywords:
bystander, cardiac arrest, cardiac pulmonary recucitation (cpr), covid 19, pandemic
Abstract
Cardiac arrest is one of the emergency cases that requires immediate treatment. The Out of the Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) can happen anytime and everywhere with or without any sign. During a pandemic, OHCA often occurs at home and the patient have been found by family members as witness. unfortunately, based on the data The survival rate for patients with OHCA during the pandemic has decreased. There are several factors that cause this to happen, one of which is a decrease in bystander in performing CPR on patients. Bystander's willingness to perform CPR plays an important role in the chain of survival of patients with OHCA which affects patient outcomes. Based on this, a study was conducted on the willingness of bystander to perform CPR to the patient with out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) during the pandemic covid 19. This research method is a literature review sourced from research journals conducted in 2019 to 2021 about the willingness of bystanders to perform CPR during the pandemic. The results seven journals that have been analysed show that most of the bystanders are willing to perform CPR with various conditions including Perform hands only CPR and if Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is Avalaible. There are several conditions that cause the CPR bystander not to be willing to perform CPR, such as the fear of being infected, the absence of PPE and the victim is a stranger or unfamiliar person for bystander. Conclusion the willingness of bystanders to perform CPR on OHCA victims during the pandemic is still high, bystander perform hands only CPR and using PPE during the intervention.
References
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Marijon, E., Karam, N., Jost, D., Perrot, D., Frattini, B., Derkenne, C., Sharifzadehgan, A., Waldmann, V., Beganton, F., Narayanan, K., Lafont, A., Bougouin, W., & Jouven, X. (2020). Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during the COVID-19 pandemic in Paris, France: a population-based, observational study. The Lancet Public Health, 5(8), e437–e443. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30117-1
Nolan, J. P., Monsieurs, K. G., L.Bossaert, Böttiger, B. W., Greif, R., Lott, C., Madar, J., Olasveengen, T. M., Roehr, C. C., Semeraro, F., Soar, J., Van de Voorde, P., Zideman, D. A., & Perkins, G. D. (2020). European Resuscitation Council COVID-19 guidelines executive summary. Resuscitation, 153, 45–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.06.001
Ong, J., O’Connell, F., Mazer-Amirshahi, M., & Pourmand, A. (2021). An international perspective of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation during the COVID-19 pandemic. In American Journal of Emergency Medicine (Vol. 47, pp. 192–197). W.B. Saunders. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2021.04.033
Pan, Y. (2021). (Doctoral dissertation). (2021). Degree of Change in Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Rate During the Onset of the Global COVID-19 Pandemic in the State of Michigan. Doctoral Dissertatation.
Perkins, G. D., & Couper, K. (2020). COVID-19: long-term effects on the community response to cardiac arrest? The Lancet Public Health, 5(8), e415–e416. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30134-1
Perman, S. M. (2020). Overcoming Fears to Save Lives: COVID-19 and the Threat to Bystander CPR in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. In Circulation (pp. 1233–1235). Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.048909
Pranata, R., Lim, M. A., Yonas, E., Siswanto, B. B., & Meyer, M. (2020). Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest prognosis during the COVID-19 pandemic. In Internal and Emergency Medicine (Vol. 15, Issue 5, pp. 875–877). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-020-02428-7
Rashid, M., Gale, C. P., Curzen, N., Ludman, P., De Belder, M., Timmis, A., Mohamed, M. O., Lüscher, T. F., Hains, J., Wu, J., Shoaib, A., Kontopantelis, E., Roebuck, C., Denwood, T., Deanfield, J., & Mamas, M. A. (2020). Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the incidence and management of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction in England. Journal of the American Heart Association, 9(22). https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.018379
Scquizzato, T., Olasveengen, T. M., Ristagno, G., & Semeraro, F. (2020). The other side of novel coronavirus outbreak: Fear of performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation, 150(February), 92–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.03.019
Tjelmeland, I. B. M., Wnent, J., Masterson, S., Kramer-Johansen, J., & Gräsner, J. T. (2021). Protocol for a cohort study of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the rate and incidence of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-021-00890-6
Uy-Evanado, A., Chugh, H. S., Sargsyan, A., Nakamura, K., Mariani, R., Hadduck, K., ... & Reinier, K. (2021). Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest response and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical. Electrophysiology, 7(1), 6-11., January.
Yi Ern, L., Teck Vui, L., Ramesh, S., Rajan, K., & Archani Arangala, T. (2019). Risk Perception and Willingness to Perform Basic Life Support Following the 2019 Coronavirus Pandemic. In International Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (Vol. 5, Issue 3). http://www.aiscience.org/journal/ijbcshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Birkun, A. (2020). Distant learning of BLS amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Influence of the outbreak on lay trainees’ willingness to attempt CPR, and the motivating effect of the training. In Resuscitation (Vol. 152, pp. 105–106). Elsevier Ireland Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.05.023
Boonmak, S., Boonmak, P., Kaen, K., School, W., & Boonmak, P. (2021). Inuence of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Bystander-victim Relationship on the Willingness of Thai Healthcare Providers and Laypersons to Perform Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: a Cross-sectional Online Survey. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-702605/v1
Chong, K. M., Chen, J. W., Lien, W. C., Yang, M. F., Wang, H. C., Liu, S. S. H., Chen, Y. P., Chi, C. Y., Wu, M. C. H., Wu, C. Y., Liao, E. C. W., Huang, E. P. C., He, H. C., Yang, H. W., Huang, C. H., & Ko, P. C. I. (2021). Attitude and behavior toward bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation during COVID-19 outbreak. PLoS ONE, 16(6 June). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252841
Fragkou, P. C., Dimopoulou, D., Latsios, G., Koudounis, P., Synetos, A., Dimopoulou, A., Tsioufis, K., Papaevangelou, V., & Tsiodras, S. (2021). Transmission of Infections during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR
Ganter, J., Busch, H.-J., Baldas, K., Josefskrankenhaus, S., Mike, F., Tu, H., Michael, D., Müller, P., & Freiburg, S. J. (2021). Smartphone Based Alerting of First Responders During the COVID-19 Pandemic. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-122154/v3
Grunau, B., Bal, J., Scheuermeyer, F., Guh, D., Dainty, K. N., Helmer, J., Saini, S., Chakrabarti, A., Brar, N., Sidhu, N., Barbic, D., Christenson, J., & Chakrabarti, S. (2020). Bystanders are less willing to resuscitate out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims during the COVID-19 pandemic. Resuscitation Plus, 4, 100034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resplu.2020.100034
Howell, S., Nehme, Z., Eastwood, K., Battaglia, T., Buttery, A., & Bray, J. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on the Australian public’s willingness to perform hands-only CPR. In Resuscitation (Vol. 163, pp. 26–27). Elsevier Ireland Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.03.034
Kovach, C. P., & Perman, S. M. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiac arrest systems of care. Current Opinion in Critical Care, 27(3), 239–245. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCC.0000000000000817
Latsios, G. (2021). BLS ERC Certied Greek Providers’ Willingness to Perform CPR and Skill Retention During the Covid-19 Pandemic. A Survey of the Hellenic Society of Cardiology (WG CPR). https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-675780/v1
Lim, S. L., Shahidah, N., Saffari, S. E., Ng, Q. X., Ho, A. F. W., Leong, B. S. H., Arulanandam, S., Siddiqui, F. J., & Ong, M. E. H. (2021). Impact of covid‐19 on out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest in Singapore. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073646
Marijon, E., Karam, N., Jost, D., Perrot, D., Frattini, B., Derkenne, C., Sharifzadehgan, A., Waldmann, V., Beganton, F., Narayanan, K., Lafont, A., Bougouin, W., & Jouven, X. (2020). Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during the COVID-19 pandemic in Paris, France: a population-based, observational study. The Lancet Public Health, 5(8), e437–e443. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30117-1
Nolan, J. P., Monsieurs, K. G., L.Bossaert, Böttiger, B. W., Greif, R., Lott, C., Madar, J., Olasveengen, T. M., Roehr, C. C., Semeraro, F., Soar, J., Van de Voorde, P., Zideman, D. A., & Perkins, G. D. (2020). European Resuscitation Council COVID-19 guidelines executive summary. Resuscitation, 153, 45–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.06.001
Ong, J., O’Connell, F., Mazer-Amirshahi, M., & Pourmand, A. (2021). An international perspective of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation during the COVID-19 pandemic. In American Journal of Emergency Medicine (Vol. 47, pp. 192–197). W.B. Saunders. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2021.04.033
Pan, Y. (2021). (Doctoral dissertation). (2021). Degree of Change in Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Rate During the Onset of the Global COVID-19 Pandemic in the State of Michigan. Doctoral Dissertatation.
Perkins, G. D., & Couper, K. (2020). COVID-19: long-term effects on the community response to cardiac arrest? The Lancet Public Health, 5(8), e415–e416. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30134-1
Perman, S. M. (2020). Overcoming Fears to Save Lives: COVID-19 and the Threat to Bystander CPR in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. In Circulation (pp. 1233–1235). Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.048909
Pranata, R., Lim, M. A., Yonas, E., Siswanto, B. B., & Meyer, M. (2020). Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest prognosis during the COVID-19 pandemic. In Internal and Emergency Medicine (Vol. 15, Issue 5, pp. 875–877). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-020-02428-7
Rashid, M., Gale, C. P., Curzen, N., Ludman, P., De Belder, M., Timmis, A., Mohamed, M. O., Lüscher, T. F., Hains, J., Wu, J., Shoaib, A., Kontopantelis, E., Roebuck, C., Denwood, T., Deanfield, J., & Mamas, M. A. (2020). Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the incidence and management of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction in England. Journal of the American Heart Association, 9(22). https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.018379
Scquizzato, T., Olasveengen, T. M., Ristagno, G., & Semeraro, F. (2020). The other side of novel coronavirus outbreak: Fear of performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation, 150(February), 92–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.03.019
Tjelmeland, I. B. M., Wnent, J., Masterson, S., Kramer-Johansen, J., & Gräsner, J. T. (2021). Protocol for a cohort study of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the rate and incidence of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-021-00890-6
Uy-Evanado, A., Chugh, H. S., Sargsyan, A., Nakamura, K., Mariani, R., Hadduck, K., ... & Reinier, K. (2021). Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest response and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical. Electrophysiology, 7(1), 6-11., January.
Yi Ern, L., Teck Vui, L., Ramesh, S., Rajan, K., & Archani Arangala, T. (2019). Risk Perception and Willingness to Perform Basic Life Support Following the 2019 Coronavirus Pandemic. In International Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (Vol. 5, Issue 3). http://www.aiscience.org/journal/ijbcshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Published
2021-11-28
How to Cite
Astuti, Z., & Jannah, M. (2021). The Willingness of Bystander to Perform CPR to the Patient with Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest During the Pandemic Covid 19: A Literature Review. Proceedings of the International Conference on Nursing and Health Sciences, 2(2), 67-74. https://doi.org/10.37287/picnhs.v2i2.831
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Articles
