Pencegahan dan Tatalaksana Obesitas pada Anak

Ahmad Alkautsar

doi:10.37287/jppp.v4i1.794

Ahmad Alkautsar Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Lampung

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37287/jppp.v4i1.794

Keywords: epidemiologi, obesitas pada anak, pencegahan, tatalaksana

Abstract

Obesitas pada anak merupakan masalah global pada negara-negara berkembang yang menyebabkan masalah klinis dan meningkatkan angka kesakitan serta kematian anak. Obesitas pada anak di Indonesia semakin meningkat. Terdapat satu dari lima anak berusia sekolah dasar (SD) dan satu dari tujuh remaja di Indonesia yang mengalami overweight atau obesitas berdasarkan RISKESDAS tahun 2018. Anak dengan obesitas lebih berisiko untuk mengalami penyakit kronis atau penyakit tidak menular (PTM) dan gangguan psikologis serta meningkatkan risiko terjadinya obesitas saat dewasa. Literature review ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pencegahan dan tatalaksana obesitas pada anak. Studi literatur dilakukan dengan mencari literatur nasional maupun internasional yang diterbitkan tahun 2012-2022 dengan menggunakan Pubmed, Proquest, dan Google Scholar. Penulis menggunakan kata kunci “obesitas pada anak”, “childhood obesity”. Diperoleh 234 artikel kemudian dilakukan proses analisis, penilaian, serta interpretasi dengan cara merangkum hasil penelitian. Maka dipilih 20 artikel yang sesuai dengan topik bahasan yakni pencegahan dan tatalaksana obesitas pada anak. Intervensi keluarga, sekolah, dan komunitas penting dalam mencegah obesitas dan memberikan efek jangka panjang. Keluarga, sekolah, komunitas, dan pemerintah perlu membangun suatu lingkungan yang dapat memberikan motivasi untuk anak dalam mengimplementasikan gaya hidup sehat seperti kesempatan memperoleh dan mengonsumsi makanan sehat dan melakukan aktivitas fisik.

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