Anxiety Disorders In Pregnant Women During Covid-19 Pandemic
Abstract
COVID-19 causes various manifestations to human, especially for groups that have high risks, including pregnant women. Pregnancy during pandemic could be a risk factor for anxiety disorders in pregnant women. The purpose of this article is to know more about anxiety disorders in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. The method of this article is a literature review with literature sources from research journal articles such as from NCBI, Elseiver, and websites such as CDC and WHO, amounting to 28 published in 2017-2020 with the keywords which are used for this literature searching are pregnancy, anxiety, psychology disorder, COVID-19, and Coronavirus. The analytical method used is systematic literature review which include identifying, evaluating, and developing systematically with a specific focus on appropriate and relevant topics. The results of the analysis of several studies show that anxiety in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic has increased. Pregnant women easily experience feelings of worry about something that will happen to her and her child. Another factor that affects the level of anxiety is the presence or absence of support from her family and nurses to help reduce the perception of the risk in causing anxiety disorders.
References
Ahorsu, D. K., Imani, V., Lin, C. Y., Timpka, T., Broström, A., Updegraff, J. A., Årestedt, K., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). Associations Between Fear of COVID-19, Mental Health, and Preventive Behaviours Across Pregnant Women and Husbands: An Actor-Partner Interdependence Modelling. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00340-x
Ashokka, T., May-Han, L., Cher, H. S., Lin Lin, Y., Barnaby, E., David, C. L., Arijit, B., Illanes;, & Sebastian, E. (2020). Care of the pregnant woman with coronavirus disease 2019 in labor and delivery: anesthesia, emergency cesarean delivery, differential diagnosis in the acutely ill parturient, care of the newborn, and protection of the healthcare personnel. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, July, 66–74. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.04.005
Bender, W. R., Srinivas, S., Coutifaris, P., Acker, A., & Hirshberg, A. (2020). The Psychological Experience of Obstetric Patients and Health Care Workers after Implementation of Universal SARS-CoV-2 Testing. American Journal of Perinatology. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1715505
Cella, D., Choi, S. W., Condon, D. M., Schalet, B., Hays, R. D., Rothrock, N. E., Yount, S., Cook, K. F., Gershon, R. C., Amtmann, D., DeWalt, D. A., Pilkonis, P. A., Stone, A. A., Weinfurt, K., & Reeve, B. B. (2019). Adult Health Profiles: Efficient Short-Form Measures of Seven Health Domains. Value in Health, 22(5), 537–544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2019.02.004
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Protect yourself and your family from COVID-19. USA. Diakses pada tanggal 26 Agustus 2020 dari: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/pregnancy-breastfeeding.html
Corbett, G. A., Milne, S. J., Hehir, M. P., Lindow, S. W., & O’connell, M. P. (2020). Health Anxıety and Behavıoural Changes of Pregnant Women Durıng the Covıd-19 Pandemıc. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 249(January), 96–97. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.04.022
Dashraath, P., Jing Lin Jeslyn Wong;, Mei Xian Karen Lim;, Li Min Lim;, Sarah Li;, Arijit Biswas;, Mahesh Choolani;, Citra Mattar;, & Lin Lin Su. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and pregnancy. The American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 222(6), 521–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.03.021
Durankuş, F., & Aksu, E. (2020). Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety and depressive symptoms in pregnant women: a preliminary study. Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 0(0), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2020.1763946
Elshafeey, F., Magdi, R., Hindi, N., Elshebiny, M., Farrag, N., Mahdy, S., Sabbour, M., Gebril, S., Nasser, M., Kamel, M., Amir, A., Maher Emara, M., & Nabhan, A. (2020). A systematic scoping review of COVID-19 during pregnancy and childbirth. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 150(1), 47–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13182
Guan, W., Ni, Z., Hu, Y., Liang, W., Ou, C., He, J., Liu, L., Shan, H., Lei, C., Hui, D. S. C., Du, B., Li, L., Zeng, G., Yuen, K. Y., Chen, R., Tang, C., Wang, T., Chen, P., Xiang, J., … Zhong, N. (2020). Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(18), 1708–1720. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2002032
Gümüşsoy, S., Keskin, G., Çiçek, Ö., Yiğitoğlu, S., Kirazli, G., & Gül, Ö. Y. (2020). Psychological problem areas of pregnant women diagnosed with abortus imminens as a result of assisted reproductive techniques : A comparative study. Perspect Psychiatric Care, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12526
He, F., Deng, Y., & Li, W. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019: What we know? Journal of Medical Virology, 92(7), 719–725. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25766
Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., Cheng, Z., Yu, T., Xia, J., Wei, Y., Wu, W., Xie, X., Yin, W., Li, H., Liu, M., … Cao, B. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet, 395(10223), 497–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
Kajdy, A., Feduniw, S., Ajdacka, U., Modzelewski, J., Baranowska, B., Sys, D., Pokropek, A., Pawlicka, P., Kaźmierczak, M., Rabijewski, M., Jasiak, H., Lewandowska, R., Borowski, D., Kwiatkowski, S., & Poon, L. C. (2020). Risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: A web-based cross-sectional survey. Medicine, 99(30), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000021279
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2020). Info Khusus COVID-19: Situasi Terkini. Diakses pada tanggal 9 September 2020 dari: https://covid19.kemkes.go.id/category/situasi-infeksi-emerging/info-corona-virus
Kotabagi, P., Fortune, L., Essien, S., Nauta, M., & Yoong, W. (2020). Anxiety and depression levels among pregnant women with COVID-19. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 99(7), 953–954. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.13928
Lebel, C., Mackinnon, A., Bagshawe, M., & Lianne Tomfohr-Madsenb, G. G. (2020). Elevated depression and anxiety symptoms among pregnant individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Affective Disorders, 277, 5–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.126
Liu, Chen, M., Wang, Y., Sun, L., Zhang, J., Shi, Y., Wang, J., Zhang, H., Sun, G., Baker, P. N., Luo, X., & Qi, H. (2020). Prenatal anxiety and obstetric decisions among pregnant women in Wuhan and Chongqing during the COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional study. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 127(10), 1229–1240. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.16381
Liu, H., Liu, F., Li, J., Zhang, T., Wang, D., & Lan, W. (2020). Clinical and CT imaging features of the COVID-19 pneumonia: Focus on pregnant women and children. Journal of Infection, 80(5), e7–e13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.007
Silva, M. M. de J., Nogueira, D. A., Clapis, M. J., & Leite, E. P. R. C. (2017). Anxiety in pregnancy: Prevalence and associated factors. JOurnal of School of Nursing University of Sao Paulo, 51, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2016048003253
Taubman, O., Chasson, M., Abu Sharkia, S., & Weiss, E. (2020). Distress and anxiety associated with COVID-19 among Jewish and Arab pregnant women in Israel. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 38(3), 340–348. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2020.1786037
Turrentine, M., Ramirez, M., Monga, M., Gandhi, M., Swaim, L., Tyer-Viola, L., Birsinger, M., & Belfort, M. (2020). Rapid Deployment of a Drive-Through Prenatal Care Model in Response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 136(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003923
Wang, C., Riyu, P., Xiaoyang, W., Yilin, T., Linkang, X., Cyrus, S. H., & Roger, Ho, C. (2020). Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 113(5), 311–312. https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/ijerph17051729
Wu, Z., & McGoogan, J. M. (2020). Characteristics of and Important Lessons from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72314 Cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association, 323(13), 1239–1242. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.2648
Yassa, M., Yirmibes, C., Cavusoglu, G., Eksi, H., Dogu, C., Usta, C., Mutlu, M., Birol, P., Gulumser, C., & Tug, N. (2020). Outcomes of universal SARS-CoV-2 testing program in pregnant women admitted to hospital and the adjuvant role of lung ultrasound in screening: a prospective cohort study. Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2020.1798398
Yue, C., Liu, C., Wang, J., Zhang, M., Wu, H., Li, C., & Yang, X. (2020). Association between social support and anxiety among pregnant women in the third trimester during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in Qingdao, China: The mediating effect of risk perception. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020941567
Yuliana. (2020). Corona virus diseases (Covid -19); Sebuah tinjauan literatur. Wellness and Healthy Magazine, 2(February), 124–137. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvzxxb18.12
Zhang, H., Tang, L., Ye, Z., Zou, P., Shao, J., Wu, M., Zhang, Q., Qiao, G., & Mu, S. (2020). The role of social support and emotional exhaustion in the association between work-family conflict and anxiety symptoms among female medical staff: A moderated mediation model. BMC Psychiatry, 20(226), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02673-2



