Effectiveness of Centella Asiatica (Pegagan) Spray Gel on Perineal Wound Healing in Postpartum Women
Abstract
Perineal wounds in postpartum mothers can potentially cause infections. The perineal area exposed to lochia and moisture creates an environment conducive to bacterial growth, thus hindering the wound healing process. Infections of perineal wounds can involve various types of bacteria that naturally colonize the skin and genital mucosa. The application of centella asiatica spray gel is one of the non-pharmacological methods for healing perineal wounds in postpartum mothers. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of applying centella asiatica spray gel 3 times a day with a concentration of 25% for 7 days on perineal wound healing and the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in postpartum mothers. This is a True Experimental study with a pretest–posttest control group design. Based on the inclusion criteria of second-degree perineal wounds with sutures were selected using random sampling, 17 participants to receive centella asiatica spray gel and 17 participants received standard dry-clean care. The level of wound healing was measured using the REEDA score. The growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was measured using a colony counter. REEDA score data were analyzed using the Friedman and Mann-Whitney tests, while Staphylococcus aureus growth was analyzed using the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. Based on the average decrease in REEDA scores by 1.06, the application of centella asiatica spray gel was effective for perineal wound healing (p=0.000). There was a significant difference in the average growth of S.aureus (p=0.040) in perineal wounds of postpartum mothers, with the intervention group showing an average difference of 6.34. The application of centella asiatica spray gel 3 times a day with a concentration of 25% for 7 days was effective for perineal wound healing and reducing Staphylococcus aureus growth in postpartum mothers.
References
Amaliya, S., Soematri, B., & Utami, Y. W. (2013). Efek Ekstrak Daun Pegagan (Centella asiatica) dalam Mempercepat Penyembuhan Luka Terkontaminasi Pada Tikus Putih (Rattus novergicus) Galur Wistar. Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan, 1(1), 19–25.
Azis, H. A., Taher, M., Ahmed, A. S., Sulaiman, W. M. A. W., Susanti, D., Chowdhury, S. R., & Zakaria, Z. A. (2017). In vitro and In vivo wound healing studies of methanolic fraction of Centella asiatica extract. South African Journal of Botany, 108, 163–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2016.10.022
Bandopadhyay, S., Mandal, S., Ghorai, M., Jha, N. K., Kumar, M., Radha, Ghosh, A., Proćków, J., Pérez de la Lastra, J. M., & Dey, A. (2023). Therapeutic properties and pharmacological activities of asiaticoside and madecassoside: A review. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 27(5), 593–608. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.17635
Darulis, N. O., Kundaryanti, R., & Novelia, S. (2021). The Effect of Betel Leaf Water Decoction on Perineal Wound Healing among Post Partum Women. Nursing and Health Sciences Journal (NHSJ), 1(2), 130–135. https://doi.org/10.53713/nhs.v1i2.64
Diniz, L. R. L., Calado, L. L., Duarte, A. B. S., & de Sousa, D. P. (2023). Centella asiatica and Its Metabolite Asiatic Acid: Wound Healing Effects and Therapeutic Potential. Metabolites, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020276
Dinkes Provinsi Lampung. (2023). Profil Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Lampung Tahun 2022. Bandar Lampung: Dinkes Provinsi Lampung
Grubbs H, M. B. (2023). Wound Physiology. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK518964/
Harsa, I. M. S. (2020). Efek Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Pegagan ( Centella Asiatica ) terhadap Penyembuhan Luka Sayat pada Tikus Putih Jantan ( Rattus Norvegicus ) Galur Wistar. Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran Wijaya Kusuma, 2071(1), 21–27.
Jones, K., Webb, S., Manresa, M., Hodgetts-Morton, V., & Morris, R. K. (2019). The incidence of wound infection and dehiscence following childbirth-related perineal trauma: A systematic review of the evidence. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 240, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.05.038
Kurniawan, S. E., Mahyarudin, M., & Rialita, A. (2021). Aktivitas antibakteri isolat bakteri endofit daun pegagan (Centella asiatica) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Bioma : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi, 10(1), 14–29. https://doi.org/10.26877/bioma.v10i1.7140
Liu, W. H., Liu, T. C., & Mong, M. C. (2015). Antibacterial effects and action modes of asiatic acid. BioMedicine (Taiwan), 5(3), 22–29. https://doi.org/10.7603/s40681-015-0016-7
MacLeod, A. S., & Mansbridge, J. N. (2016). The Innate Immune System in Acute and Chronic Wounds. Advances in Wound Care, 5(2), 65–78. https://doi.org/10.1089/wound.2014.0608
Mutia, W. O. N., Usman, A. N., Jaqin, N., Prihantono, Rahman, L., & Ahmad, M. (2021). Potency of complemeter therapy to the healing process of perineal wound; turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn) Infusa. Gaceta Sanitaria, 35, S322–S326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.10.045
Nurmalasari, N., Kartadarma, E., & Gadri, A. (2017). Formulasi Sediaan Spray Gel Anti Luka Mengandung Ekstrak Daun Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urb) dan Uji Aktivitas Anti Luka terhadap Tikus Wistar. SPeSIA (Seminar Penelitian Sivitas Akademika Unisba), 3(2), 526–533. http://karyailmiah.unisba.ac.id/index.php/farmasi/article/view/8068
Primadina, N., Basori, A., & Perdanakusuma, D. S. (2019). Proses Penyembuhan Luka Ditinjau Dari Aspek Mekanisme Seluler dan Molekuler. Qanun Medika, 3(1), 31–43.
Radhakrishnan, A., Kuppusamy, G., & Karri, V. V. S. R. (2018). Spray bandage strategy in topical drug delivery. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 43, 113–121.
Rahmatia, D. A., Wijayanti, K., & Ramlan, D. (2022). Kersen leaf extract gel (Muntingia calabura L.) to Improve the healing of perineal wounds in postpartum mothers. Medisains, 20(3), 87. https://doi.org/10.30595/medisains.v20i3.15597
Sen, C. K., Roy, S., Mathew-Steiner, S. S., & Gordillo, G. M. (2021). Biofilm Management in Wound Care. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 148(2), 275E-288E. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000008142
Sh Ahmed, A., Taher, M., Mandal, U. K., Jaffri, J. M., Susanti, D., Mahmood, S., & Zakaria, Z. A. (2019). Pharmacological properties of Centella asiatica hydrogel in accelerating wound healing in rabbits. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 19(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-019-2625-2
Wahyuningsih, H. P. (2018). Asuhan Kebidanan Nifas dan Menyusui. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Wei, C., Cui, P., & Liu, X. (2023). Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Madecassic Acid against Staphylococcus aureus. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 28(4), 1895. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041895
Widiatami, T., Rasipin, R., & Fatmasari, D. (2022). Effectiveness of the Giving Starfruit Leaf Extract (Averrhoa Bilimbi L.) and Cinnamon (C. Burmanii) As an Alternative To Antibacterials for the Healing of Perineum Wounds in Rattus Norvegicus. International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Science (Ijnms), 5(3), 176–184. https://doi.org/10.29082/ijnms/2021/vol5/iss3/369
Wong, J. X., & Ramli, S. (2021). Antimicrobial activity of different types of Centella asiatica extracts against foodborne pathogens and food spoilage microorganisms. Lwt, 142(February), 111026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111026
Woodd, S. L., Montoya, A., Barreix, M., Pi, L., Calvert, C., Rehman, A. M., Chou, D., & Campbell, O. M. R. (2019). Incidence of maternal peripartum infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Medicine, 16(12). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002984
World Health Organization. (2015). Health in 2015: from MDGs, Millennium Development Goals to SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals. In World Health Organisation. World Health Organization. http://who.int/gho/publications/mdgs-sdgs/en/
World Health Organization. (2019). Trends in maternal mortality: 2000 to 2017: estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019. In WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division. World Health Organization.
Wu, F., Bian, D., Xia, Y., Gong, Z., Tan, Q., Chen, J., & Dai, Y. (2012). Identification of major active ingredients responsible for burn wound healing of Centella asiatica herbs. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/848093
Zulkefli, N., Che Zahari, C. N. M., Sayuti, N. H., Kamarudin, A. A., Saad, N., Hamezah, H. S., Bunawan, H., Baharum, S. N., Mediani, A., Ahmed, Q. U., Ismail, A. F. H., & Sarian, M. N. (2023). Flavonoids as Potential Wound-Healing Molecules: Emphasis on Pathways Perspective. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054607
Copyright (c) 2024 Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
