Analysis of Postpartum Depression Incidence in Gorontalo
Abstract
The physiological and psychological processes experienced by mothers in the first week after giving birth affect the mother's mental health and increase the risk of postpartum depression. Mothers who have just given birth usually have symptoms of mild depression which will increase 2-5 days after giving birth and subside within 2 weeks. If detection is not done quickly and treatment is done too late, then depression that was initially mild will develop into postpartum depression. This study aimed to describe postpartum depression in postpartum mothers in Gorontalo. This research uses a quantitative descriptive research design. A total sample of 59 respondents was obtained using total sampling techniques. Data analysis used univariate analysis with the EPDS questionnaire instrument. The results of the study showed that the number of postpartum mothers who did not experience postnatal depression was 32 respondents (54.2%), and those who experienced postnatal depression were 27 respondents (45.8%). These results illustrate that the rate of postpartum depression in postpartum mothers in one of the Gorontalo areas is quite high.
References
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Stewart, D. E., & Vigod, S. (2016). Postpartum depression. The New England Journal of Medicine, 375(22), 2177–2186. doi:10.1097/01
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Wang, Z., Liu, J., Shuai, H., Cai, Z., Fu, X., Liu, Y., … Yang, B. X. (2021). Mapping global prevalence of depression among postpartum women. Translational Psychiatry, 11(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01663-6.
Wiyanto, B. E. & Ambarwari, K. D. (2021). Dukungan Sosial dan Postpartum Depression pada Ibu Suku Jawa. Psychopreneur Journal, 2021, 5(2): 68-79
Andry. (2012). Depresi Pasca Melahirkan. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka
Anggrani, I, A. (2019). Faktor-faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Depresi Postparum Di Praktik Mandiri Bidan Misni Herawati, Husniyati dan Soraya. Jurnal Kebidanan Vol. 8 No. 2
Desta, M., Memiah, P., Kassie, B., Ketema, D. B., Amha, H., Getaneh, T., & Sintayehu, M. (2021). Postpartum depression and its association with intimate partner violence and inadequate social support in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 279, 737–748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.053
Ghaedrahmati, M., Kazemi, A., Kheirabadi, G., Ebrahimi, A., & Bahrami, M. (2017). Postpartum depression risk factors: A narrative review. Journal of Education and Health Promotion
Gjerdingen D, McGovern P, Attanasio L, Johnson PJ, Kozhimannil KB. (2014). Maternal depressive symptoms, employment, and social support. The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine. 27(1): 87-96
Guvenc, G., Yesilcinar, I., Ozkececi, F., Oksuz, E., Ozkececi, C. F., Konukbay, D., Karasahin, K. E. (2021). Anxiety, depression, and knowledge level in postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 57(3), 1449–1458. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12711
Hasnajah, Y. (2013) Coping pada ibu yang mengalami baby blues syndrome. Skripsi. Yogyakarta: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Ahmad Dahlan.
Hutagaol, E. T. (2010). Efektivitas intervensi edukasi pada depresi postpartum. Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan. Universitas Indonesia: Depok, Jakarta
Iwata, H., Mori, E., Sakajo, A., Aoki, K., Maehara, K., Tamakoshi, K., (2016). Prevalence of postpartum depressive symptoms during the fi rst 6 months postpartum : Association with maternal age and parity. Journal of Affective Disorders 203, 227– 232.
Kusbandiyah, J., & Puspadewi, Y. A. (2020). Pengaruh Postnatal Massage Terhadap Proses Involusi Dan Laktasi Masa Nifas Di Malang Jiarti. 65–72
Khatun, F., Lee, T. W., Rani, E., Biswash, G., Raha, P., & Kim, S. (2018). The Relationships among Postpartum Fatigue, Depressive Mood, Self-care Agency, and Self-care Action of First-time Mothers in Bangladesh. Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing, 24(1), 49. https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2018.24.1.49
Lesmana, R., & Setiawan, J. L. (2017). Hubungan antara Social Support dan Resilience Efficacy pada Remaja Atlet Bulutangkis di Surabaya. Psychopreneur Journal, 1(1), 35–45
Liang, P., Wang, Y., Shi, S., Liu, Y., & Xiong, R. (2020). Prevalence and factors associated with postpartum depression during the COVID-19 pandemic among women in Guangzhou, China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry, 20(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02969-3
Marmi. (2014). Asuhan Kebidanan Pada Masa Nifas “Peuperium Care”. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Murtiyarini, Ika., Suryanti, Yuli., Wuyandari, A. G. (2020). “Pemberdayaan Kader Dalam Deteksi Dini Komplikasi Masa Nifas Di Desa Penyengat Olak.” 1(1): 5–9
Nasri, Z., Wibowo, A., & Ghozali, E. W. (2018). Faktor determinan depresi postpartum di Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Buletin Penelitian Sistem Kesehatan, 20(3), 89-95.
Negron R, Martin A, Almog M, Balbierz A, Howell EA. (2013). Social support during the postpartum period : Mothers’ views on needs, expectations and mobilization of support. Maternal and Child Health Journal. 17(4): 616± 623.
Ningrum, S. P. (2017). Faktor-Faktor Psikologis Yang Mempengaruhi Postpartum Blues. Psympathic : Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 4(2), 205. https://doi.org/10.15575/psy.v4i2.1589
Reeder, S.J., Martin, L.L., & Griffin, D.K. (2012). Keperawatan maternitas: Kesehatan wanita, bayi dan keluarga (edisi 18.) EGC: Jakarta.
Ririn, A., Nurdianti, D. S., & Astutui, D. A. 2016. Pengaruh Jenis Persalinan Terhadap Risiko Depresi Postpartum Pada Ibu Nifas. Jurnal Kebidanan Dan Keperawatan
Sari, R. A. (2020). Literature review: Depresi postpartum. Jurnal Kesehatan, 11(1), 167–173. doi:10.26630/jk.v11i1.1586
Sari, D.M, Eko H. (2015). Dukungan Sosial Suami Pada Ibu Dengan Depresi Postpartum Pasca Melahirkan Anak Pertama. Jurnal Psikologi Vol 3. No-1.
Setiawati, D. N., Purnamawati, D., Dainy. N. C., Andriyani., Effend, R. (2020). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian depresi postpartum di Kabupaten Bogor Tahun 2019. Muhammadiyah Public Health Journal
Sinaga, R. (2014). Gambaran Skrining Depresi Postpartum Pada Wanita Postpartum Dengan Menggunakan Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) Di RSUP H. Adam Malik Dan RSU DR. Pirngadi Medan. Sumatera Utara: USU
Sockol, L.E., Battle, C.L. (2015). Maternal Attitudes, Depression, And Anxiety In Pregnant And Postpartum Multiparous Women. Arch Womens Mental Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-015-0511-6.
Stewart, D. E., & Vigod, S. (2016). Postpartum depression. The New England Journal of Medicine, 375(22), 2177–2186. doi:10.1097/01
Thompson, K.S. & Fox, J.E. (2010). Postpartum depression: a comprehensive approach to evaluation and treatment. Ment Health Fam Med.
Wang, Z., Liu, J., Shuai, H., Cai, Z., Fu, X., Liu, Y., … Yang, B. X. (2021). Mapping global prevalence of depression among postpartum women. Translational Psychiatry, 11(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01663-6
Wiyanto, B. E. & Ambarwari, K. D. (2021). Dukungan Sosial dan Postpartum Depression pada Ibu Suku Jawa. Psychopreneur Journal, 2021, 5(2): 68-79.
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