Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana Herpes Zoster pada Geriatri

Fifi Nurliza Aini Tibar

doi:10.37287/jppp.v4i1.830

Fifi Nurliza Aini Tibar Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Lampung

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37287/jppp.v4i1.830

Keywords: diagnosis, geriatri, herpes zoster, tatalaksana

Abstract

Herpes zoster (HZ) adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus varisela zoster (VVZ) yang dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup seseorang karena disertai rasa nyeri yang hebat. Angka kejadian HZ meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya usia. Lebih dari dua pertiga kasus terjadi pada usia di atas 50 tahun dan kurang dari 10% di bawah 20 tahun. Tujuan dilakukannya Literature review ini untuk membahas diagnosis dan tatalaksana herpes zoster pada geriatri. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode literature review dari 71 artikel dari jurnal internasional dan nasional dengan rentang tahun publikasi 2000-2022 yang kemudian dipilih 24 artikel berdasarkan informasi yang dibutuhkan. Referensi didapatkan melalui literature searching dari database PubMed, NCBI, dan Google Scholar dengan kata kunci ‘Herpes zoster, diagnosis, tatalaksana, geriatri’. Referensi yang didapatkan selanjutnya dianalisis dengan metode systematic literature review yang mencakup kegiatan mengumpulkan, mengevaluasi, dan mengembangkan penelitian dengan pokok bahasan tertentu. Hasil literature review ini berupa diagnosis herpes zoster dapat ditegakkan berdasarkan manifestasi klinis berupa nyeri prodromal dan erupsi kulit dengan distribusi yang khas. Pada beberapa kasus yang sulit dapat dikonfirmasi dengan pemeriksaan penunjang antara lain apusan Tzanck, biopsi kulit, direct fluorescent assay (DFA), dan polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Tatalaksana herpes zoster pada geriatri dibagi menjadi pengobatan virus dengan antivirus (asiklovir, famsiklovir, dan valasiklovir) dan pengobatan gejala sisa infeksi dengan agen lain dengan tujuan untuk mempercepat proses penyembuhan lesi, mengurangi keluhan nyeri akut, serta mengurangi risiko komplikasi neuralgia pascaherpetik (NPH).

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