Korelasi antara Kanker Payudara dan Kanker Tiroid
Abstract
Kanker payudara dan tiroid merupakan kanker yang sering dijumpai pada populasi wanita. Hubungan keeduanya dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor. Faktor tersebut meliputi bias deteksi, keterlibatan hormonal yang sama, efek pengobatan, dan kerentanan genetik. Hormon estrogen berperan dalam tumorigenesis kedua kanker tersebut. Banyak kanker payudara yang sensitif terhadap hormon seperti estrogen. Sedangkan hormon tiroid memiliki efek terhadap estrogen pada kadar yang tinggi. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan pasien dengan penyakit kanker payudara yang juga dapat beresiko terkena kanker tiroid. Penelitian ini adalah artikel review yang berasal dari artikel maupun jurnal nasional maupun internasional yeng telah terpilih dimana mendapat referensi dari PubMed, NCBI, Google Scholar dengan kata kunci breast cancer and thyroid cancer; carcinoma mammae and carcinoma thyroid; breast dan carcinoma. Perkembangan metode diagnostik dan terapi kanker meningkatkan prognosis dan harapan hidup pasien. Akan tetapi hal ini juga memiliki risiko lebih tinggi untuk mengembangkan second primary malignancy (SPM). Hasil pada penelitian ini yaitu adanya peningkatan yang jelas dalam kemungkinan berkembangnya kanker tiroid atau kanker payudara sebagai keganasan sekunder. Terdapat hubungan antara ekspresi HER2 dengan ukuran tumor Papilary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) (p value = 0,0028). Meskipun riwayat kanker tiroid juga dikaitkan dengan penurunan risiko kematian akibat kanker payudara, masih belum jelas apakah riwayat kanker payudara memengaruhi hasil klinis bagi pasien kanker tiroid.
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