Peran Magnesium Sulfat dalam Penatalaksanaan Preeklampsia
Abstract
Preeklampsia yaitu kelainan medis yang kompleks ditandai dengan hipertensi dan proteinuria yang terjadi setelah 20 minggu kehamilan. Preeklampsia ditandai dengan adanya disfungsi plasenta dan respon maternal terhadap adanya inflamasi sistemik dengan aktivasi endotel dan koagulasi. Preeklampsia dapat berlanjut menjadi eclampsia. Eklampsia adalah terjadinya kejang yang sebagai onset baru yang tidak berkaitan dengan penyebab lain. Preeklamsia dan eklamsia merupakan penyebab utama mortalitas ibu dan janin. Sehingga diperlukan cara untuk menatalaksana preeklampsia, salah satunya adalah dengan pemberian magnesium sulfat. Tujuan ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran magnesium sulfat dalam penatalaksanaan preeklampsia. Metode yang digunakan adalah tinjauan literatur yang disusun menggunakan sumber pustaka yang berasal dari jurnal berupa artikel penelitian, guideline, ataupun buku elektronik seperti dari NCBI, Elsevier, WHO, dan jurnal kesehatan lainnya. Hasil analisis dari sumber pustaka menunjukan bahwa magnesium sulfat memiliki peran dalam penatalaksanaan preeklampsia dengan salah satu mekanisme kerjanya adalah menyebabkan vasodilatasi melalui relaksasi dari otot polos, termasuk pembuluh darah perifer dan uterus serta sebagai antikonvulsan. Sebelum pemberian MgSO4, harus tersedia antidotum nya yaitu kalsium glukonas.
References
Ahmad, A. S., & Samuelsen, S. O. (2012). Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and fetal death at different gestational lengths: A population study of 2 121 371 pregnancies. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 119(12), 1521–1528. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2012.03460.x
Bain, E. S., Middleton, P. F., & Crowther, C. A. (2013). Maternal adverse effects of different antenatal magnesium sulphate regimens for improving maternal and infant outcomes: A systematic review. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 13(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-13-195
Brown, M. A., Magee, L. A., Kenny, L. C., Karumanchi, S. A., McCarthy, F. P., Saito, S., … Ishaku, S. (2018). Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: ISSHP classification, diagnosis, and management recommendations for international practice. Hypertension, 72(1), 24–43. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10803
Euser, A. G., & Cipolla, M. J. (2009). Magnesium sulfate for the treatment of eclampsia a brief review. Stroke, 40(4), 1169–1175. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.527788
Gathiram, P., & Moodley, J. (2016). Pre-eclampsia: Its pathogenesis and pathophysiolgy. Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, 27(2), 71–78. https://doi.org/10.5830/CVJA-2016-009
Harper, L. M., Tita, M. A., & Karumanchi, S. A. (2020). Pregnancy-Related Hypertension. In Creasy and Resnik’s Maternal-Fetal Medicine: Principles and Practice (8th Editio, hal. 810–838). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-47910-3.00048-6
Kanasaki, K., & Kalluri, R. (2009). The biology of preeclampsia. Kidney International, 76(8), 831–837. https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.2009.284
Kemenkes RI. (2015). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2014. Jakarta: Kementrian Kesehatan RI.
Kemenkes RI. (2019). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2018. Diambil dari http://www.depkes.go.id/resources/download/pusdatin/profil-kesehatan-indonesia/Data-dan-Informasi_Profil-Kesehatan-Indonesia-2018.pdf
Khalifa, A. E. S. H., Farahat, M. M., & Alsaudi, K. M. (2019). Management of Women with Severe Preeclampsia by Different Regimens of Magnesium Sulfate. International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies, 3(10), 1849–1856. https://doi.org/10.32553/ijmbs.v3i10.663
Lo, J. O., Mission, J. F., & Caughey, A. B. (2013). Hypertensive disease of pregnancy and maternal mortality. Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 25(2), 124–132. https://doi.org/10.1097/GCO.0b013e32835e0ef5
Mustafa, R., Ahmed, S., Gupta, A., & Venuto, R. C. (2012). A comprehensive review of hypertension in pregnancy. Journal of Pregnancy, 2012(May). https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/105918
Nyfløt, L. T., Ellingsen, L., Yli, B. M., Øian, P., & Vangen, S. (2018). Maternal deaths from hypertensive disorders: lessons learnt. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 97(8), 976–987. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.13357
Pascoal, A. C. F., Katz, L., Pinto, M. H., Santos, C. A., Braga, L. C. O., Maia, S. B., … Adam, S. (2019). Serum magnesium levels during magnesium sulfate infusion at 1gram/hour versus 2grams/hour as a maintenance dose to prevent eclampsia in women with severe preeclampsia: A randomized clinical trial. Medicine (United States), 98(32). https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000016779
Peres, G., Mariana, M., & Cairrão, E. (2018). Pre-Eclampsia and Eclampsia: An Update on the Pharmacological Treatment Applied in Portugal. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease, 5(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd5010003
POGI. (2016). PNPK Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana Preeklampsia. Jakarta: Perkumpulan Obstetri dan Ginekologi Indonesia Himpunan Kedokteran Feto Maternal.
Pratt, J. J., Niedle, P. S., Vogel, J. P., Oladapo, O. T., Bohren, M., Tunçalp, Ö., & Gülmezoglu, A. M. (2016). Alternative regimens of magnesium sulfate for treatment of preeclampsia and eclampsia: A systematic review of non-randomized studies. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 95(2), 144–156. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.12807
Prawirohardjo, S. (2016). Ilmu Kebidanan. Jakarta: PT. Bina Pustaka Sarwono Prawirohardjo.
Rajamma, C. K., & Sridevi, P. (2016). Maternal and Perinatal Mortality and Morbidity in Hypertensive Disorder Complicating Pregnancy. International Journal of Scientific Study, 3(11), 11. https://doi.org/10.17354/ijss/2016/86
Roberts, J. M., August, P. A., Bakris, G., Barton, J. R., Bernstein, I. M., Druzin, M., … Tsigas, E. (2013). Hypertension in Pregnancy. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 122(5), 1122–1131.
Smith, J. M., Lowe, R. F., Fullerton, J., Currie, S. M., Harris, L., & Felker-Kantor, E. (2013). An integrative review of the side effects related to the use of magnesium sulfate for pre-eclampsia and eclampsia management. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 13(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-13-34
Tinawi, M. (2020). Hypertension in Pregnancy. Archives of Internal Medicine Research, 3(1), 10–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4160-3053-9.50042-1
WHO. (2011). WHO recommendations for Prevention and treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. In WHO. Geneva.
Yousef, B. A., Merghani, A. A., Abdulla, W. S., & Binni, R. R. (2019). Assessment of magnesium sulphate usage in pre-eclamptic and eclamptic women in Omdurman Maternity Hospital, 2017: A cross-sectional study [version 1; peer review: 1 approved, 1 not approved]. F1000Research, 8. https://doi.org/10.12688/F1000RESEARCH.17648.1
![88+ Daftar Jurnal Sinta 5 Gratis Yang Terbit Bulan Ini? [Update 2022]](https://stiqwalisongo.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/sinta-5.jpg){kind=small}
